科学发明中原型启发的创造性成分及其脑机制

项目名称： 科学发明中原型启发的创造性成分及其脑机制

项目编号： No.31470981

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 神经、认识与心理学

项目作者： 张庆林

作者单位： 西南大学

项目金额： 85万元

中文摘要： 目前对创造性思维的测量及神经机制的研究，国际上大多采用发散思维任务、远距离联想测验、顿悟问题解决等任务。但这些测量工具大多停留在对非科学问题解决的研究上，因此生态效度和预测效度不高。本课题组基于已编制的《科学发明问题材料库》进行了大量实验，提出了原型启发理论并已经在国际国内产生了良好影响。但前面的研究都采用结构良好的科学发明问题，本项目在此基础上，进一步探讨更符合现实生活的科学发明中原型启发的创造性成分及机制。研究一，通过两个行为实验探索原型启发能力的成分结构；研究二运用大样本磁共振数据（3D结构, DTI, Rest-fMRI），从脑机制上进一步验证创造性成分的结构效度；研究三通过3个核磁任务态探索原型启发思维的主要创造性成分的脑机制；研究四试图在高校和企业研发机构进行跟踪研究，检验创造性成分测试的预测效度。通过本项目的开展，希望开发具有更高预测效度和和生态效度的创造性测量工具

中文关键词： 科学发明；问题解决；创造性；原型启发；神经机制

英文摘要： Currently, divergent thinking task, remote association task and insight task have been widely used in evaluating one's creativity ability and the neural mechanism of creativity. However, these measuring tools are still non-scientific problem solving tasks, thus lack of ecological validity and predictive validity. Our research group has done a series of researches based on our self-designed Scientific Inventional Problem Material Storage and proposed Prototype Heuristic Theory which has a wide influence all around the world. Based on the above work, we plan to investigate the construct, mechanism of prototype heuristic ability further. In the first study, we will adopt two behavior experiments to explore the creativity components of prototype heuristics. In the second study, we will examine the construct validity of these creativity components of prototype heuristics using the magnetic resonance multimodal (3D, DTI, Rest-fMRI and so on) data collected from large samples. In the third study, we will adopt three fMRI experiments to explore the brain mechanism of creativity components in prototype heuristics. In the last study, we will test the predictive validity of these creativity components by tracking study in colleges and companies. The ultimate goal of these studies was developing new creative thinking tests which have stronger predictive validity and ecological validity.

英文关键词： scientific innovation;problem solving;creativity;prototype heuristic;neural mechanism