过渡金属氮化物纳米单晶的可控合成及催化应用

项目名称： 过渡金属氮化物纳米单晶的可控合成及催化应用

项目编号： No.51472187

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 一般工业技术

项目作者： 唐浩林

作者单位： 武汉理工大学

项目金额： 83万元

中文摘要： Ti、V、Fe、Mo、W过渡金属氮化物单晶材料由于氮元素进入晶体空隙后金属原子间距增加、费米能级态密度提升，具有类似贵金属Pt的表面性质和吸附特性，是氧还原、石油加氢脱硫、氨合成分解等领域极具潜力的高效催化材料。基于氧还原催化剂的燃料电池等高效能量转换装置是《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006-2020)》明确优先发展的先进能源前沿技术。本项目拟从具有典型意义的氧还原催化角度出发，通过过渡金属离子的选择和匹配以调节d态中心、从而改善过渡金属氮化物的氧还原动力学速度；通过晶面生长取向调节改善过渡金属氧化物的氧还原起峰电位；并采用过渡金属氧化物纳米线在器件中堆积形成的大孔和局部结构规整反应形成的介孔构建高效的等级孔传质结构，从热力学和动力学角度协同提高过渡金属氮化物的催化活性，为燃料电池、金属空气电池等高效能源转换装置提供氧还原共性关键材料支撑和技术支持。

中文关键词： 过渡金属氮化物；晶体生长；晶体结构；纳米结构；氧还原催化

英文摘要： Transition metal nitride single crystals, including Ti-N, V-N, Fe-N, Mo-N, and W-N, exhibit similar surface and adsorption properties to precious metal Pt since the atomic distance between metal atoms increases after insertion of nitrogen atoms. This type of materials has great potential as high effective catalyst in various areas such as oxygen reduction, hydrogenation and desulfurization of oil, and synthesis or decomposition of ammonia as well. Particularly, high efficient energy conversion and storage devices like fuel cells based on oxygen reduction catalyst are advanced subjects highlighted by National Program for Medium-to-Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development (2006-2020). In this proposed project, we aim at improvement of kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction of transition metal nitride materials through the selection and matching of transition metal ions, which leads to the adjustment of d-state centers. The onset potential of oxygen reduction is expected to be improved with the controlling growth of crystal faces. In addition, hierarchical pore structures for effective mass transport are to be constructed based on formation of macro-pores from the pile-up of transition metal oxide nanowires and meso-pores from topotactic transformation. The optimized structure is expected to improve the catalytic activity of transition metal nitride materials from enhancement of both dynamic and kinetics of catalytic reactions. The proposed materials could provide great supports from both materials and technologies for energy conversion and storage devices including fuel cells and metal-air batteries.

英文关键词： Transition metal nitride;Crystal growth;Crystalline structure;Nanostructure;Oxygen redution reaction catalysis