时空线索在舰载机飞行员黑洞错觉中的作用机制

项目名称： 时空线索在舰载机飞行员黑洞错觉中的作用机制

项目编号： No.31500897

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 神经、认识与心理学

项目作者： 常明

作者单位： 陕西师范大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 黑洞错觉(Black Hole Illusion, BHI)是飞行员进场时常见的一种空间定向障碍，是飞行员未能很好把握时间空间线索而造成的一种视性错觉，极其危害飞行安全。舰载机在航母上降落是起降过程中难度最高的阶段，出现的错觉类型尤以黑洞错觉为主。本项目拟结合舰载机飞行员驾驶特性，采用Tau理论范式，利用情境模拟飞行实验（三个）和行为实验（五个）相结合的研究方法，在380名被试飞行模拟训练的基础上开展五项研究，试图揭示时间和空间线索对舰载机飞行员进场黑洞错觉的作用机制，以备为我军舰载机飞行员的选拔和训练提供系统方案。本项目创新之处:一在于采用认知心理学的研究范式和实验模式研究我国自主培养的舰载机飞行员群体，这在国内较为少见，有较强的实践意义；二在于国内航空心理学界多关注错觉表现形式，少于错觉的心理成因；三在于本研究每一个分项目均参照舰载机飞行员实际训练过程设计模拟飞行，生态效度较高。

中文关键词： 飞行错觉；人因工程；空间认知；心理选拔；场景信息

英文摘要： Black Hole Illusion (BHI) in approaching is a common type of spatial disorientation (SD) of the pilot, which is the pilot hasn’t grasped a good of time and space and aircraft with the surrounding environment. It is an important impact on flight safety. This project aims to combine the carrier based pilots driving characteristics,and Tau theory paradigm, using the situation exiperiment (three) and behavioral experiments (five) , carried in 380 subjects on the basis of the mechanism, attempts to reveal the time and spatial cues for carrier based aircraft in the pilot approaching, for providing system scheme selection and training of our naval carrier aircraft pilots.The innovations of this study can be conveyed thatThe innovation of this project: Firstly, the research paradigm and experimental model of cognitive psychology research on the pilot group of China's independent training, which is relatively rare in China, has a strong practical significance;the second is that the domestic aviation psychology circles pay less close attention to the psychological causes of the illusion ; and the third one is based on the actual training process designed for the aircraft pilots, the ecological validity is high.

英文关键词： Flight illusion;Human factors engineering;Spatial cognition;Psychological selection;Scene information