灵巧卫星对地观测调度的分解优化方法研究

项目名称： 灵巧卫星对地观测调度的分解优化方法研究

项目编号： No.70801062

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 无线电电子学、电信技术

项目作者： 李菊芳

作者单位： 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学

项目金额： 18万元

中文摘要： 具有三维观测自由度的灵巧卫星是我国新一代对地观测卫星的重要发展方向。相对目前在轨卫星最多具有一维的侧摆自由度而言，灵巧卫星的出现将极大程度增加卫星对给定地面目标实施观测的可选方式和灵活度。由此导致的卫星对地观测可行方案空间的显著扩展，使得灵巧卫星对地观测调度问题的高度组合特征更加突出，大大增加了问题的复杂性和解搜索的寻优难度。本课题深入研究了灵巧卫星对地观测调度问题。首先，对灵巧卫星在飞行、实施观测等过程中的特点和相关操作约束进行了合理的分析，提出了其复杂观测任务的分解和预处理方法；然后，重点探讨了多星条件下灵巧卫星对地观测调度问题的约束满足问题模型和混合整数规划模型，并在约束满足问题模型的基础上研究了基于分解优化思想的蚁群算法，在整数规划模型的基础上研究了列生成算法。两种方法都能够将原复杂问题分解为相对简单的主问题和子问题，并利用子问题的解对主问题求解过程进行反馈和引导，从而实现整个灵巧卫星对地观测调度方案的快速寻优。本课题研究在复杂组合优化问题求解算法方面具有重要的理论意义，同时对我国未来新一代灵巧观测卫星的合理高效利用具有很强的应用意义。

中文关键词： 灵巧卫星；对地观测；调度；多星联合；分解优化

英文摘要： Agile satellite with 3-degree freedom is an important development direction of our country's new generation earth observing satellite. Relative to the on-orbit satelltes with at most one roll freedom, the appearance of agile satellite will greatly improve the choice and variety of observing a ground target from space. While at the same time, the feasible solution space of earth orbserving will markedly expand, making the combinatorial feature of the scheduling problem of agile earth observing satellite more prominent. This will greatly increase the complexity and resolve difficulty of the problem. This project have had an intensive research on observation scheduling problem of agile satellites. First, the specialties and operational constraints of agile satellite in flying and observing process was reasonably analyzed, while decomposing and preprocessing method for complicated tasks was proposed. After that, a constraint satisfaction problem(CSP) model and an mixed integer programming(MIP) model was seperately researched for the multiple agile satellites scheduling problem. For CSP moedel, an ant colony algorithm based on decomposition idea was given. For MIP model, a column generation method was given. Both resolving algorithms could decompose the original complex problem into relatively simple main problem and sub-problem, while solution of sub-problem would make feedback and instruction to main problem. Thus the optimal solutions would be quickly found for the whole problem. Research on this project has important academic meaning on resolve algorithms for complex combinatorial optimization problem, while it also has great application meaning on efficient utilization of our nation's new generation of agile earth observing satellites.

英文关键词： agile satellite; earth observing; scheduling; multi-satellites cooperation; decompose optimization