基于结构单元探测与修复的车载LiDAR数据建筑物立面模型三维重建研究

项目名称： 基于结构单元探测与修复的车载LiDAR数据建筑物立面模型三维重建研究

项目编号： No.41501456

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 陈焱明

作者单位： 南京大学

项目金额： 21万元

中文摘要： 由于车载LiDAR点云数据量大、完整性低、噪声信息多、场景目标复杂等固有不足，以及建筑物立面层次结构复杂、细节特征丰富等问题，导致LiDAR数据建筑物立面模型三维重建存在数据处理难、点云修复难、模型重建难等关键技术问题。本项目以车载LiDAR数据建筑物立面模型精细化重建为研究目标，拟提出“建筑物点云提取－立面点云展开－结构单元探测－立面点云修复－三维模型重建”技术架构，突破建筑物立面点云的微观细节探测与三维模型重建的技术瓶颈，探索基于车载LiDAR数据的建筑物结构单元探测技术，深入挖掘建筑物立面局部结构的重复性或自相似性特征，降低点云处理与三维建模的复杂性，提升建筑物立面模型的完整精细程度，为大区域城市建筑物目标准确感知与模型精细表达等提供新思路与新方法，为智慧城市中的城市空间信息基础设施建设等典型应用提供有效的解决途径。

中文关键词： 建筑物提取；三维重建；激光雷达

英文摘要： Due to the massive number points of mobile LiDAR data, the existence of complicated landscapes and complex façade structures, the limitations of data collection, and the occlusion and disturbance by objects on the street (e.g., trees, vehicles), the reconstruction of a high-quality building façade model with a high level of automation presents a challenging but very worthwhile research topic. In response to these issues, this project aims to reconstruct 3D building façade models with high integrity and high quality, plans to propose a technical strategy, as “building points detection –building points unfolding – repeated structures detection – building points restoration – building model construction”. The project put forward some measures to break through the bottleneck of such technical difficulties. First, a point cloud detection method is proposed to rapidly and efficiently extract the building façade points, and preliminary split the complex building structures. Second, an unfolding method whereby a building façade is flattened onto a 2D plane is introduced, to reduce the difficulty of building reconstruction for multiple façades. Third, a two-direction detection strategy, with façade structure detection performed in the vertical and horizontal directions successively, is used to determine repeated patterns. Four, a restoration method is developed to consolidate the imperfect data according to the similarity of façade structures. Finally, the high integrity 3D building façade models are reconstructed by using the restored façade points and the repeated façade structures. The method makes use of repeated structures in building’s façades, create new ideas and new methods for the reconstruction of 3D building façade models from mobile LiDAR data, and provide effective solution for the typical applications, such as the geographic spatial information infrastructure of Smart City.

英文关键词： building extraction;three-dimensional reconstruction;light detection and ranging