基于熔池动态形状特征的熔透规律建模及控制

项目名称： 基于熔池动态形状特征的熔透规律建模及控制

项目编号： No.51505035

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 机械、仪表工业

项目作者： 黄军芬

作者单位： 北京石油化工学院

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 焊缝熔透是影响焊接质量的关键问题，也是制约自动化焊接的发展要素之一。鉴于熟练焊工焊接时能够对熔透性作出准确判断，本项目拟采用视觉传感的方法，提取熔池图像信息，进行熔池形状特征的三维传感建模与解析，确定熔池形状特征动态变化趋势。在此基础上，用非线性处理方法确定熔池形状特征动态变化趋势与表征熔透状态的量化指标之间的映射关系。将熟练焊工经验量化，确定熔透判据，为熔透控制提供基础数据。建立熔池形状相似系数模型，并确定相似系数与熔池位置的对应关系，为熔池定位提供反馈信息，以确保熔池形状动态特征信息的一致性。提炼出主要焊接参数对典型熔池形状特征参数的影响因子，确定熔池形状特征参数与焊接参数之间的对应量化关系，结合熔透判据，对关键焊接参数实时调节，以保证焊接过程熔透稳定，解决根焊熔透难题，提高焊接质量。

中文关键词： 熔透；视觉传感；自动化焊接；建模与控制；熔池特征

英文摘要： The welding penetration problem is a key problem affecting the welding quality and it is one of the factors restricting the development of welding automation. In view of the fact that a skilled welder can make accurate penetration judgment in the process of welding, the vision sensing method is used to capture the image information of the molten pool, and modeling and analysis of 3-D sensing of the molten pool shape characteristics will be carried out to determine the dynamic change trend of the molten pool shape characteristics. Then a nonlinear processing method will be used to determine the mapping relationship between the dynamic change trend and the quantitative index indicating the penetration status. Experiences of skilled welders are quantified to confirm the penetration criteria, which provide the basic data for the penetration control. The similarity coefficient model of the molten pool shape is to be established, and the relation between the similarity coefficient and the molten pool position is confirmed to provide feedback information for the molten pool positioning, then the consistency of the dynamic characteristic information of the molten pool shape is ensured. The impact factors of the main welding parameters on typical molten pool shape characteristic parameters are refined, and the corresponding quantitative relationship between the molten pool shape characteristic parameters and the welding parameters is determined. Combined with the penetration criteria, the key welding parameters are adjusted in real-time to ensure the welding penetration stability, and the root welding penetration problem can be solved with the welding quality improved.

英文关键词： penetration;vision sensing;automatic welding;modeling and control;characteristics of molten pool