合成孔径激光成像雷达中时空偏振散斑产生机理及对成像影响研究

项目名称： 合成孔径激光成像雷达中时空偏振散斑产生机理及对成像影响研究

项目编号： No.61505233

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 无线电电子学、电信技术

项目作者： 许倩

作者单位： 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 本项目针对合成孔径激光成像雷达在实际复杂地物反射场景下的应用需求，对合成孔径激光成像雷达目标时空偏振散斑产生机理、偏振散斑对成像的影响和基于斯托克斯分量的目标识别等方面进行深入研究，重点解决目标偏振散斑产生机理及表征和正侧视/直视两种工作模式下合成孔径激光雷达成像分辨率的影响及对比度的影响等关键科学问题，并开展验证性试验，推进合成孔径激光雷达的实际应用。首次在合成孔径激光成像雷达领域提出了偏振散斑的概念，采用斯托克斯分量对激光回波的偏振特性进行了分析，与传统微波合成孔径雷达采用琼斯矩阵的描述相比更加符合光频回波的特点。采用偏振光学和矢量光学叠加将偏振和散斑的产生机理进行了分析，并提出了有效的测量手段。首次提出采用合成孔径激光成像雷达测量目标的复反射特性，在保持其高分辨率优点的同时，增加了新的目标识别维度,在军事应用中有重要意义。

中文关键词： 合成孔径激光雷达；目标偏振特性；时空散斑效应；激光雷达

英文摘要： This subject aims at the research on formation mechanism of polarized space-time speckle effect in synthetic aperture imaging lidar (SAIL ), the influence on imaging and the technology of target recognition based on the stokes parameters for the application requirements of the SAIL in complex environment. It focused on the formation mechanism and representation of polarized space-time speckle, the influence on resolution element imaging and the image contrast in side-looking and down-looking SAILs. Replication experiments are developed to promote the practical application of the SAIL. The concept of the polarized space-time speckle effect in SAIL is proposed for the first time, and the complex polarization of the target reflection field is analyzed by the Stokes theory, which is a more appropriate choice for the optical field compared with the Jones matrix theory adopted in synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Polarization optics and the vector method are superposed to describe the formation of the polarized space-time speckle and effective measurement method is presented. Furthermore, the complex polarization of the target reflection detected by the SAIL is a new quantity to identify the target, which is significant in military application.

英文关键词： Synthetic aperture imaging ladar (SAIL);Polarization Characteristics of Target;Sapce-time speckle effect;Lidar