微波外场协同下吸微波、疏水型固体酸催化低品质油脂一步合成生物柴油的研究

项目名称： 微波外场协同下吸微波、疏水型固体酸催化低品质油脂一步合成生物柴油的研究

项目编号： No.21266001

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 化学工业

项目作者： 袁红

作者单位： 北方民族大学

项目金额： 50万元

中文摘要： 国内生产生物柴油的原料基本为含游离脂肪酸、水的低品质油脂，合成方法多为联合使用酸、碱催化的工艺复杂的两步法。本研究利用酸可同时催化游离脂肪酸、油脂生成生物柴油的特性，开发酸催化一步合成生物柴油的简单工艺。针对酸催化效率低、反应体系含水等问题，开发吸微波、疏水型固体酸催化剂。在微波外场下，由于催化剂具有吸微波特性，可在其上形成热点高温区，协同微波场下原料中醇的极化作用，实现高效的酸催化生物柴油合成，利用催化剂的疏水性能，减弱水对催化剂酸性位破坏，延长催化剂的使用寿命。为实现以上目标，本研究将采用具有良好吸微波特性及疏水性能的炭材料为基体制备固体酸催化剂，研究催化剂吸收微波外场能量，形成"微波热点"的能力，催化剂对反应体系中极性物质的排斥能力，建立机理型微波外场作用下反应体系的动力学方程，在此基础上，进行微波外场下，不同低品质原料油脂一步合成生物柴油的研究，并采用响应面法设计优化工艺条件。

中文关键词： 生物柴油；低品质油；微波；疏水性；固体酸

英文摘要： In China, the raw materials applied in biodiesel synthesis are usually low-quality fats with water and free fatty acid. The synthesis method mostly is the complicated two-step method, which is used in conjunction with acid, alkali catalysts. In this study, simple one-step biodiesel synthesis is investigated in the presence of acid catalyst, which can catalize both free fatty acid and fat. A novel microwave absorption hydrophobic solid acid catalyst were developed to enhance the efficiency of acid catalyst and against the water in the system. The catalyst can produce the high temperature area with hot spots due to the microwave-absorption properties under microwave, which can drive a high efficient biodiesel synthesis reaction. The hydrophobic characteristics significantly reduced the catalyst poison by water, and its service life increases. In our study, the solid acid catalysts were prepared by hydrophobic charcoal materials, which have excellent microwave-absorption. The energy absorption and "microwave hot spot" formatting ability were studied. The reaction kinetics mechanism model under microwave will be established. Based on the above researches, different low-quality fats were applied to synthesis biodiesel under microwaves. The optimum values of operation parameters were obtained by response surface metho

英文关键词： biodiesel；low-quality fats；microwave；hydrophobicity；solid acid