大型射电望远镜重力模型构建关键技术研究

项目名称： 大型射电望远镜重力模型构建关键技术研究

项目编号： No.U1531135

项目类型： 联合基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 王锦清

作者单位： 中国科学院上海天文台

项目金额： 47万元

中文摘要： 大型射电望远镜是开展射电天文学和深空探测研究的重要工具，射电望远镜性能直接影响天文观测的质量和测量精度。本研究申请将突破传统测量法，主要围绕实测构建大型射电望远镜主副面重力模型这一主题，重点研究三种模型的构建方法并验证模型的性能：1）研究基于微波全息法实测构建天线主面重力模型；2）研究基于射电和光学法测量副面重力模型；3）研究高精度指向误差检测方法及指向模型改进方法。通过提取天线波束修正参数，提高天线效率测量精度，并启动主动面和副面六杆机构精确验证模型调整的准确性。测量过程主要采用射电法，辅助光学法，建立统一的测量平台。通过本项研究工作，可以确立新型的射电望远镜重力模型测量方法；提高国内射电望远镜测量校正的理论水平和实践能力，改善国内大型射电望远镜的性能，更好地服务于射电天文学和深空探测研究。

中文关键词： 大型射电望远镜；微波全息法；重力模型；指向精度；天线效率

英文摘要： Large radio telescopes are important tools for radio astronomy research and deep space exploration. Radio telescope performance affects the quality and accuracy of astronomical observations directly. This research proposal will break the traditional measurement method and concentrate on the topic of radio telescope’s gravity model construction with focusing on three type models’ establishment and performance verification: 1) main surface gravity model construction based on microwave holography; 2) sub-reflector gravity model construction based on radio sources and optical method; 3)high precision antenna pointing errors detection and pointing model reformation. To verify the models accurately, beam correction parameters will be applied to improve the measurement accuracy of antenna efficiency. Active surface and sub-reflector six-bar mechanism will also be applied to verify the correctness of the models. A unified measurement platform will be established by using radio source mainly and optical method auxiliarily. This research project will result in the enhancement of the ability in radio telescope models' construction and calibration in theory and practice that will improve the performance of domestic large radio telescopes to better serve the radio astronomy research and deep space exploration.

英文关键词： large radio telescope ;microwave holography;gravity model;pointing accuracy;antenna efficiency