We present a first detailed survey on underwater and air-water (A-W) wireless communication networks (WCNs) that mainly focuses on the security challenges and the countermeasures proposed to date. For clarity of exposition, this survey paper is mainly divided into two parts. The first part of the paper focuses on the state-of-the-art underwater and A-W WCNs whereby we outline the benefits and drawbacks of the four promising underwater and A-W candidate technologies: radio frequency (RF), acoustic, optical and magnetic induction (MI), along with their channel characteristics. To this end, we also describe the indirect (relay-aided) and direct mechanisms for the A-W WCNs along with their channel characteristics. This sets the stage for the second part of the paper whereby we provide a thorough comparative discussion of a vast set of works that have reported the security breaches (as well as viable countermeasures) for many diverse configurations of the underwater and A-W WCNs. Specifically, we provide a detailed literature review of the various kinds of active and passive attacks which hamper the confidentiality, integrity, authentication and availability of both underwater and A-W WCNs. Finally, we highlight some research gaps in the open literature and identify security related some open problems for the future work.
翻译:我们首次详细调查水下和空气-水无线通信网络(A-W),主要侧重于安全挑战和迄今提出的对策。为了清楚说明,本调查文件主要分为两部分,第一部分侧重于水下最新技术和A-W WCN, 我们在此概述四种前景良好的水下和A-W候选技术(无线电频率、声学、光学和磁感应技术)及其频道特点的利弊。为此,我们还描述了A-W网络及其频道特点的间接(后补)和直接机制。这为文件第二部分提供了阶段,我们据此对报告水下和A-W网络许多不同组合的违反安全情况(以及可行的反措施)的大量工作进行了全面比较讨论。我们具体地对阻碍水下和A-W网络保密性、完整性、认证和可获性的各种主动和被动攻击及其频道特点进行了详细的文献审查。我们为今后一些公开的研究工作找出了一些差距和安全问题。