As news organizations embrace transparency practices on their websites to distinguish themselves from those spreading misinformation, HCI designers have the opportunity to help them effectively utilize the ideals of transparency to build trust. How can we utilize transparency to promote trust in news? We examine this question through a qualitative lens by interviewing journalists and news consumers -- the two stakeholders in a news system. We designed a scenario to demonstrate transparency features using two fundamental news attributes that convey the trustworthiness of a news article: source and message. In the interviews, our news consumers expressed the idea that news transparency could be best shown by providing indicators of objectivity in two areas (news selection and framing) and by providing indicators of evidence in four areas (presence of source materials, anonymous sourcing, verification, and corrections upon erroneous reporting). While our journalists agreed with news consumers' suggestions of using evidence indicators, they also suggested additional transparency indicators in areas such as the news reporting process and personal/organizational conflicts of interest. Prompted by our scenario, participants offered new design considerations for building trustworthy news platforms, such as designing for easy comprehension, presenting appropriate details in news articles (e.g., showing the number and nature of corrections made to an article), and comparing attributes across news organizations to highlight diverging practices. Comparing the responses from our two stakeholder groups reveals conflicting suggestions with trade-offs between them. Our study has implications for HCI designers in building trustworthy news systems.
翻译:由于新闻组织在其网站上采用透明度做法,将自己与散布错误信息者区分开来,国际HCI设计师有机会帮助他们有效利用透明度理想,建立信任;我们如何利用透明度来增进对新闻的信任?我们通过采访记者和新闻消费者 -- -- 新闻系统中的两个利益攸关方 -- -- 通过采访记者和新闻消费者的定性透镜来审查这一问题;我们设计了一个方案,利用两个基本的新闻属性展示透明度特征,传达新闻文章的可信度:来源和信息。在访谈中,我们的新闻消费者表示,通过在两个领域(新闻选择和框架)提供客观指标,并通过在四个领域(原始材料的存在、匿名来源、核查和错误报道的更正)提供证据指标,可以最好地显示新闻透明度。虽然我们的记者同意新闻消费者关于使用证据指标的建议,但他们也提出了在新闻报道进程和个人/组织利益冲突等领域的其他透明度指标。根据我们的情景,与会者为建立可靠的新闻平台提出了新的设计考虑,如设计容易理解,在新闻报道中介绍适当的细节(例如,显示对来源材料的准确性、匿名来源、核查和校对错误报道的纠正次数和性质),并对比我们两个组织之间的真实性研究。