We present a large-scale bibliometric analysis of gender differences in scientific careers, covering all scientific disciplines and a large number of countries worldwide. We take a longitudinal perspective in which we trace the publication careers of almost six million male and female researchers in the period 1996-2018. Our analysis reveals an increasing trend in the percentage of women starting a career as publishing researcher, from 33% in 2000 to about 40% in recent years. Looking at cohorts of male and female researchers that started their publication career in the same year, we find that women seem to be somewhat less likely to continue their career as publishing researcher than men, but the difference is small. We also observe that men produce on average between 15% and 20% more publications than women. Moreover, in biomedical disciplines, men are about 25% more likely than women to be last author of a publication, suggesting that men tend to have more senior roles than women. Compared with cross-sectional studies, our longitudinal analysis has the advantage of providing a more in-depth understanding of gender imbalances among authors of scientific publications.
翻译:我们对科学职业中的性别差异进行了大规模的二分法分析,涵盖所有学科和全世界许多国家。我们从纵向角度来追踪1996-2018年期间近600万男女研究人员的出版职业。我们的分析表明,开始从事出版研究的女性比例呈上升趋势,从2000年的33%上升到近年来的约40%。我们查看了在同一年开始其出版职业的男女研究人员群体,我们发现,与男性相比,女性继续其出版研究者职业的可能性略小一些,但差异很小。我们还注意到,男性所出版的出版物平均比女性多15%至20%。此外,在生物医学学科中,男性比女性最后出版者多25%,这表明男性往往比女性更具有高级的角色。与跨部门研究相比,我们纵向分析的优势是,能够更深入地了解科学出版物作者中的性别不平衡现象。