努兹楔形文字档案的计算年代测定方法：基于家族谱系与同步关系的约束最小二乘法 (Computational Dating for the Nuzi Cuneiform Archive: The Least Squares Constrained by Family Trees and Synchronisms)

We introduce a computational method of dating for an archive in ancient Mesopotamia. We use the name index Nuzi Personal Names (NPN) published in 1943. We made an electronic version of NPN and added the kinships of the two powerful families to NPN to reflect the Nuzi studies after 1943. Nuzi is a town from the 15th - 14th century B.C.E.for a period of some five generations in Arrapha. The cuneiform tablets listed in NPN are for contracts on land transactions, marriage, loans, slavery, etc. In NPN, the kinships and cuneiform tablets (contracts, documents, texts) involved are listed for each person. We reconstruct family trees from the added NPN to formulate the least squares problem with the constraints: a person's father is at least 22.5 years older than the person, contractors were living at the time of the contract, etc. Our results agree with the Assyriological results of M. P. Maidman on the seniority among siblings of a powerful family. Our method could be applied to the other clay tablet archives once we have the name index in the format of NPN.

翻译：我们提出了一种针对古代美索不达米亚档案的计算年代测定方法。该方法基于1943年出版的《努兹人名索引》（NPN）。我们制作了NPN的电子版本，并在其中添加了两个显赫家族的亲属关系，以反映1943年后的努兹研究成果。努兹是公元前15至14世纪阿拉法地区的一个城镇，其历史跨度约五代人。NPN中列出的楔形文字泥板涉及土地交易、婚姻、借贷、奴隶制等契约。在NPN中，每个人的亲属关系及相关的楔形文字泥板（契约、文书、文本）均被列出。我们从增强版NPN中重建家族谱系，并构建带有约束条件的最小二乘问题：例如，父亲至少比其子女年长22.5岁，契约签订时签约方必须健在等。我们的计算结果与亚述学家M. P. 梅德曼关于一个显赫家族中兄弟姐妹长幼顺序的研究结论一致。一旦其他泥板档案具备NPN格式的人名索引，本方法亦可应用于这些档案的年代测定。