There is currently no easy way to fact-check content on WhatsApp and other end-to-end encrypted platforms at scale. In this paper, we analyze the usefulness of a crowd-sourced "tipline" through which users can submit content ("tips") that they want fact-checked. We compare the tips sent to a WhatsApp tipline run during the 2019 Indian national elections with the messages circulating in large, public groups on WhatsApp and other social media platforms during the same period. We find that tiplines are a very useful lens into WhatsApp conversations: a significant fraction of messages and images sent to the tipline match with the content being shared on public WhatsApp groups and other social media. Our analysis also shows that tiplines cover the most popular content well, and a majority of such content is often shared to the tipline before appearing in large, public WhatsApp groups. Overall, our findings suggest tiplines can be an effective source for discovering content to fact-check.
翻译：目前无法轻易地对“什么App”和其他端到端加密平台进行事实检查。 在本文中, 我们分析由众源组成的“ 提示” 的有用性, 用户可以通过它提交他们想要进行事实检查的内容( “ 提示” ) 。 我们比较了2019年印度全国大选期间发送到“ WhesApp” 上的小标题线的提示, 以及在同一期间在“ 什么App” 和其他社交媒体平台上的大型公共团体中传播的信息。 我们发现, 提示线是“ 什么App” 对话中非常有用的透镜: 向提示线发送的信息和图像中有相当一部分, 其内容在公共的“ 提示” 团体和其他社交媒体中共享。 我们的分析还显示, 提示线覆盖了最受欢迎的内容, 而大部分这类内容通常在在大公共的“ 消息” 团体中发布之前与提示线共享。 总的来说, 我们的发现提示小标题可以成为发现内容以事实检验的有效来源 。
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