Recently, as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, dependence on Contact Tracing (CT) models has significantly increased to prevent spread of this highly contagious virus and be prepared for the potential future ones. Since the spreading probability of the novel coronavirus in indoor environments is much higher than that of the outdoors, there is an urgent and unmet quest to develop/design efficient, autonomous, trustworthy, and secure indoor CT solutions. Despite such an urgency, this field is still in its infancy. The paper addresses this gap and proposes the Trustworthy Blockchain-enabled system for Indoor Contact Tracing (TB-ICT) framework. The TB-ICT framework is proposed to protect privacy and integrity of the underlying CT data from unauthorized access. More specifically, it is a fully distributed and innovative blockchain platform exploiting the proposed dynamic Proof of Work (dPoW) credit-based consensus algorithm coupled with Randomized Hash Window (W-Hash) and dynamic Proof of Credit (dPoC) mechanisms to differentiate between honest and dishonest nodes. The TB-ICT not only provides a decentralization in data replication but also quantifies the node's behavior based on its underlying credit-based mechanism. For achieving high localization performance, we capitalize on availability of Internet of Things (IoT) indoor localization infrastructures, and develop a data driven localization model based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) sensor measurements. The simulation results show that the proposed TB-ICT prevents the COVID-19 from spreading by implementation of a highly accurate contact tracing model while improving the users' privacy and security.
翻译:最近,由于COVID-19大流行,对接触追踪(CT)模式的依赖程度大幅提高,以防止这种高度传染性病毒的传播,并为潜在的未来做好准备。由于室内环境新颖的 Corona病毒的传播概率比室外环境高得多,因此迫切需要开发/设计高效、自主、可信赖和安全的室内CT解决方案,尽管如此紧迫,但这一领域仍处于初始阶段。本文讨论了这一差距,并提出了室内联系追踪(TB-ICT)框架的可信赖的百货链驱动系统。TB-IC框架是为了保护基础CT数据的隐私和完整性,防止未经授权的获取。更具体地说,它是利用拟议的动态工作校准(PoW)基于信用的共识算法以及随机调整的Hash窗口(W-Hash)和动态信用验证(dPOC)机制,以区分诚实和不诚实的节点。TB-IC框架不仅在数据复制方面实行权力下放,而且还使TB-I的准确度测量数据测量标准的完整性和完整性,以保护基本的CTD的保密性数据,同时利用基于高额的当地安全性数据库数据化的升级化的当地数据机制。