Adversarial attacks have been expanded to speaker recognition (SR). However, existing attacks are often assessed using different SR models, recognition tasks and datasets, and only few adversarial defenses borrowed from computer vision are considered. Yet,these defenses have not been thoroughly evaluated against adaptive attacks. Thus, there is still a lack of quantitative understanding about the strengths and limitations of adversarial attacks and defenses. More effective defenses are also required for securing SR systems. To bridge this gap, we present SEC4SR, the first platform enabling researchers to systematically and comprehensively evaluate adversarial attacks and defenses in SR. SEC4SR incorporates 4 white-box and 2 black-box attacks, 24 defenses including our novel feature-level transformations. It also contains techniques for mounting adaptive attacks. Using SEC4SR, we conduct thus far the largest-scale empirical study on adversarial attacks and defenses in SR, involving 23 defenses, 15 attacks and 4 attack settings. Our study provides lots of useful findings that may advance future research: such as (1) all the transformations slightly degrade accuracy on benign examples and their effectiveness vary with attacks; (2) most transformations become less effective under adaptive attacks, but some transformations become more effective; (3) few transformations combined with adversarial training yield stronger defenses over some but not all attacks, while our feature-level transformation combined with adversarial training yields the strongest defense over all the attacks. Extensive experiments demonstrate capabilities and advantages of SEC4SR which can benefit future research in SR.
翻译:反versari攻击已扩大为对发言人的认知(SR)。然而,现有的攻击往往使用不同的SR模型、识别任务和数据集来评估,而从计算机视野中借用的对抗性防御也很少得到考虑。然而,这些防御还没有得到针对适应性攻击的彻底评估。因此,对于对抗性攻击和防御的强项和局限性,目前还缺乏定量的理解。还需要更有效的防御来保障SR系统的保障。为了缩小这一差距,我们提出了SEC4SR,这是研究人员能够系统、全面地评价对抗性攻击和防御的第一个平台。SEC4SR包含4个白箱和2个黑箱攻击,24个防御包括我们新的地级变换。它包括了增加适应性攻击的技术。我们使用SEC4SR, 迄今对对抗性攻击和防御性攻击的优势和局限进行了规模最大的实证研究,涉及23个防御性攻击、15个攻击和4个攻击环境。我们的研究提供了许多可能推进未来研究的有用结论:(1) 良性攻击的所有转变,但有些的精确度略有降低,其有效性随攻击而变化的变化有不同;(2) 大多数的防御性攻击的优势,而防御性攻击在联合的防御性攻击下,而后导力性改革则会变得较弱。