Nanoscale devices featuring Terahertz (THz)-based wireless communication capabilities are envisioned to be deployed within human bloodstreams. Such devices are envisaged to enable fine-grained sensing-based applications for detecting events for early indications of various health conditions, as well as actuation-based ones such as the targeted drug delivery. Intuitively, associating the locations of such events with the events themselves would provide an additional utility for precision diagnostics and treatment. This vision recently yielded a new class of in-body localization coined under the term "flow-guided nanoscale localization". Such localization can be piggybacked on THz-based communication for detecting body regions in which events were observed based on the duration of one circulation of a nanodevice in the bloodstream. From a decades-long research on objective benchmarking of "traditional" indoor localization, as well as its eventual standardization (e.g., ISO/IEC 18305:2016), we know that in early stages the reported performance results were often incomplete (e.g., targeting a subset of relevant metrics), carrying out benchmarking experiments in different evaluation environments and scenarios, and utilizing inconsistent performance indicators. To avoid such a "lock-in" in flow-guided localization, in this paper we discuss a workflow for standardized evaluation of such localization. The workflow is implemented in the form of an open-source framework that is able to jointly account for the mobility of the nanodevices in the bloodstream, in-body THz communication between the nanodevices and on-body anchors, and energy-related and other technological constraints at the nanodevice level. Accounting for these constraints, the framework is able to generate the raw data that can be streamlined into different flow-guided solutions for generating standardized performance benchmarks.
翻译:以Terahertz(Thz)为基础的无线通信能力为主的纳米装置预计将在人类血液流中部署。这些装置的构想是,通过精细的遥感应用来探测各种事件,以便及早发现各种健康状况的早期迹象,以及基于动因的装置,例如有针对性地提供药物。将此类事件的地点与事件本身联系起来,直觉地为精确诊断和治疗提供了额外的效用。这一构想最近产生了一种新型的单位内本地化。根据“流动-引导纳米规模本地化”这一术语,这种本地化可以放大基于Thz的通信。这种本地化可以放大基于基于血液的网络的通信,以探测根据血液流中纳米装置的循环持续时间来观测事件所在的身体区域。从对“传统”室内本地化的目标基准及其最终的标准化(例如ISO/IEC 18305:2016)进行数十年,我们知道,在“流动-纳米系统化”的早期,所报告的内部标准化的绩效结果往往是不完整的(例如,针对一个相关的指标组 ),在不同的评估环境中进行基准性基准化实验,在不同的数据流流中,在这种流程中进行这种评估时,我们用标准化的流程中进行这种评估时会讨论。</s>