Secure software leasing (SSL) is a quantum cryptographic primitive that enables users to execute software only during the software is leased. It prevents users from executing leased software after they return the leased software to its owner. SSL can make software distribution more flexible and controllable. Although SSL is an attractive cryptographic primitive, the existing SSL scheme is based on public key quantum money, which is not instantiated with standard cryptographic assumptions so far. Moreover, the existing SSL scheme only supports a subclass of evasive functions. In this work, we present SSL schemes based on the learning with errors assumption (LWE). Specifically, our contributions consist of the following. - We construct an SSL scheme for pseudorandom functions from the LWE assumption against quantum adversaries. - We construct an SSL scheme for a subclass of evasive functions from the LWE assumption against sub-exponential quantum adversaries. - We construct SSL schemes for the functionalities above with classical communication from the LWE assumption against (sub-exponential) quantum adversaries. SSL with classical communication means that entities exchange only classical information though they run quantum computation locally. Our crucial tool is two-tier quantum lightning, which is introduced in this work and a relaxed version of quantum lighting. In two-tier quantum lightning schemes, we have a public verification algorithm called semi-verification and a private verification algorithm called full-verification. An adversary cannot generate possibly entangled two quantum states whose serial numbers are the same such that one passes the semi-verification, and the other also passes the full-verification. We show that we can construct a two-tier quantum lightning scheme from the LWE assumption.
翻译:安全软件租赁 (SSL) 是一种量子加密原始程序, 用户只能在软件租赁期间执行软件。 它防止用户在将租赁的软件归还其所有者后执行租赁软件。 SSL 能够使软件分销更加灵活和可控性。 虽然SSL是一个有吸引力的加密原始程序, 现有的SSL 计划的基础是公共钥匙量子资金, 与标准加密假设相比, 至今没有即时化。 此外, 现有的SSL 计划只支持一个分级的蒸发功能。 在这项工作中, 我们以错误假设( LWE) 为基础, 提出SSLS 计划。 具体地说, 我们的贡献包括以下内容。 我们从LWE 假设中为假冒的 SSLS 计划构建了一个假冒功能分类。 我们从LWE 假设中创建了一个次等式的SLSL计划, 并且我们用普通的量级的量级算算法 。 我们的SLSLF计划可以让两个实体交换古典信息, 虽然它们运行着量级的量级的量级的量级的计算, 我们的量级的量级的量级的量级的量级的计算是两个关键工具, 我们的量级的量级的量级的量级的量级算, 我们的量级的量级计算系统可以显示的量级的量级的量级的量级的量级的级的级的量计算, 。 我们的级的级计算系统是两个级的级的级的级的级算, 。 我们的级的级的级的级的级算, 我们的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的级的