In this paper, we propose to adopt the MDE paradigm for the development of Machine Learning (ML)-enabled software systems with a focus on the Internet of Things (IoT) domain. We illustrate how two state-of-the-art open-source modeling tools, namely MontiAnna and ML-Quadrat can be used for this purpose as demonstrated through a case study. The case study illustrates using ML, in particular deep Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), for automated image recognition of handwritten digits using the MNIST reference dataset, and integrating the machine learning components into an IoT system. Subsequently, we conduct a functional comparison of the two frameworks, setting out an analysis base to include a broad range of design considerations, such as the problem domain, methods for the ML integration into larger systems, and supported ML methods, as well as topics of recent intense interest to the ML community, such as AutoML and MLOps. Accordingly, this paper is focused on elucidating the potential of the MDE approach in the ML domain. This supports the ML engineer in developing the (ML/software) model rather than implementing the code, and additionally enforces reusability and modularity of the design through enabling the out-of-the-box integration of ML functionality as a component of the IoT or cyber-physical systems.
翻译:在本文中,我们提议采用MDE模式开发机器学习(ML)辅助软件系统,重点是物联网(IoT)领域;我们说明如何为此目的使用两个最先进的开放源建模工具,即MontiAnna和ML-Quadrat,如案例研究所显示的那样;案例研究说明如何利用ML,特别是深层人工神经神经网络(ANNS),自动识别手写数字,使用MNIST参考数据集自动识别手写数字,并将机器学习组成部分纳入IoT系统;随后,我们对两个框架进行功能比较,对两个框架进行功能比较,提出分析基础,以包括广泛的设计考虑,如问题领域、ML融入更大系统的方法,以及支持ML方法,以及最近对ML社区十分感兴趣的专题,如Automil和MLops。因此,本文件的重点是说明MDE方法在ML域的潜力,将MDE方法纳入IT系统;因此,我们支持ML工程师在开发一个多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、多功能、