棉花根系耐盐能力差异形成的生理及分子机制研究

项目名称： 棉花根系耐盐能力差异形成的生理及分子机制研究

项目编号： No.31301262

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 张雷

作者单位： 中国农业科学院棉花研究所

项目金额： 24万元

中文摘要： 棉花根系是盐分胁迫引起各种生理和生化功能紊乱的原初器官，其生长及生理代谢状况直接影响棉花生长发育与产量品质的形成。而在粮棉争地矛盾突出，棉花种植逐渐向盐碱地集中的背景下，棉花根系响应盐分胁迫的机理研究对于采取有效的调控措施提高盐碱地棉花产量和品质具有重要意义。因此，本研究拟以耐盐能力差异显著的棉花品种为材料，通过研究不同土壤盐分处理下棉花根系构型和建成指标与根系中各抗氧化物质、抗氧化酶活性及其基因表达、同工酶谱变化的关系，从基因-蛋白-酶活3个水平系统阐明棉花根系响应盐分胁迫及其耐盐能力差异形成的生理及分子机制，明确不同基因型棉花耐盐能力差异形成的分子生理基础，为棉花生产中的耐盐棉花品种选育及盐碱抗逆栽培技术的形成提供理论依据。

中文关键词： 棉花；盐胁迫；形态；生理；机制

英文摘要： Cotton root is the original organ which caused various physiological and biochemical dysfunction by salt stress, and its growth and physiological metabolism status affect the cotton growth, yield and quality directly. As the traditional cotton fields are now being used for producing grain crops, cotton production has focus on the saline and alkaline fields. Therefore, the mechanism study on response of cotton root to salt stress has important significance to improve the yield and quality of cotton in saline and alkaline fields through taking effective control measures. This research would study the relationships between the changes of the root architecture, built index and the changes of the root antioxidants, antioxidant activity, gene expression, isozymogram in different salt-tolerance genotypes under salt stress. In order to clarifying the physiological and molecular mechanism studies on the response of cotton root to salt stress and defining the formation of differences in salt-tolerance of cotton root in gene-protein-enzyme activity levels in different cotton genotypes. These findings would provide the theoretical basis to develop effective techniques to alleviate salt stress in cotton cultivation and would be useful in salt tolerant cotton cultivars breeding.

英文关键词： cotton；salt stress；morphological；physiological；mechanism