危险废物中有害成分在水泥窑内的迁移规律和固化机理研究

项目名称： 危险废物中有害成分在水泥窑内的迁移规律和固化机理研究

项目编号： No.50802025

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 轻工业、手工业

项目作者： 杨雷

作者单位： 河南理工大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 课题系统研究了危险废弃物中常见重金属元素和有机组分在水泥回转窑中的迁移固溶及其机理研究。初步建立了水泥窑处理含重金属和有机毒性组分危险废弃物的理论体系。提出了重金属和有机毒性组分在水泥窑中的分解理论、固溶理论和吸附理论；建立了新型干法水泥工艺的危险废弃物无害化处置和资源化利用控制准则。通过生料烧结实验、化学分析、XRD、X射线荧光分析、SEM+EDS、ICP、浸出毒性试验等实验研究表明：(1)Cu、Pb、Ni等元素的引入能明显改善生料易烧性；Mn元素对生料易烧性有轻微的促进作用但不明显；V元素对生料易烧性不但没有改善反而起抑制作用。(2)Cu易富集固溶于中间相中。Ni易富集固溶于A矿中。Mn易富集固溶于中间相中，而在B矿中含量较小。V易富集固溶于B矿中，在A矿中含量较小。Pb不能明显区分出主要存在于熟料哪个矿物中，是比较均匀的分布在熟料主要矿物相中。(3)当以一定比例掺烧污泥、钢渣、荧光粉、油墨和废旧电池时，熟料浸出毒性极低，完全满足国家标准。(4)有机物的熔点较低，一般不超过400℃#65292;因此有机物入窑焚烧后都完全燃烧分解，最终生成无害的稳定成分。

中文关键词： 重金属；有机组分；熟料；固溶；废弃物

英文摘要： This subject system of hazardous waste in common heavy metal elements and organic components in the cement rotary kiln in the migration of solid solution and its mechanism research. The initial establishment of the cement kiln treatment containing heavy metals and organic toxic components of theory system of hazardous waste. Made of heavy metal and organic toxic ingredient in cement rotary kiln decomposition theory, theory of solid solution and adsorption theory; the establishment of a new dry cement process hazardous waste harmless disposal and resource utilization of control rules. Through experiment, the sintering of raw materials chemical analysis, XRD, X ray fluorescence analysis, SEM+EDS, ICP, leaching toxicity test and experimental study show that: (1) Cu, Pb, Ni element is introduced into the can obviously improve the burnability of raw material; Mn elements on the burnability of raw meal with minor role but not obvious; V element on the burnability of raw meal instead of improving it inhibition.(2) Cu enrichment in solid solution in the intermediate phase. Ni easily dissolved in A ore enrichment. Mn enrichment in solid solution in the intermediate phase, and in the B mine in small. Enrichment of V easily dissolved in B mine, A content in small mine. Pb cannot clearly distinguish exists mainly in the clinker which minerals, is relatively uniform distribution in the clinker mineral phase. (3) when in certain proportion mixed with sludge, slag, fluorescent powder, ink and waste batteries, clinker leaching toxicity is very low, fully meet the national standard. (4) organic matter with low melting point, generally not more than 400 DEG C, so the organic matter into the kiln after complete combustion decomposition, ultimately generate sound stable elements.

英文关键词： heavy metal; organic components; clinker; solid solution; waste