辐射环境下聚合物固体介质沿面绝缘击穿机理及其材料改性

项目名称： 辐射环境下聚合物固体介质沿面绝缘击穿机理及其材料改性

项目编号： No.51277131

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 电工技术

项目作者： 杜伯学

作者单位： 天津大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 随着核能、大功率电子束、大功率离子束技术的发展，在辐射环境下使用的聚合物绝缘材料在逐年增加，研究表明在辐射环境下有些聚合物材料容易发生过早绝缘破坏现象。聚合物基纳米复合电介质材料具有提高耐电晕强度、抑制局部放电作用，在电介质工程领域得到发展。本项目以开发新型绝缘材料为目的，选择具有特殊表面物化特征的无机纳米颗粒为填充物，以聚酰亚胺、环氧树脂、硅橡胶和聚乙烯为基体制备纳米复合电介质材料，进行放射线辐射环境下的沿面绝缘击穿实验，在绝缘击穿变化趋势研究的基础上，探讨其物理过程，认识导致绝缘击穿的主要因素，研究绝缘击穿与添加纳米颗粒的影响规律，掌握绝缘击穿过程中的宏观和微观影响因素，采用现代实验技术对试样的分子结构、绝缘击穿过程进行研究，深入探索击穿机理，揭示放射线辐射环境下纳米复合电介质材料的变化趋势，研究开发适合辐射环境使用的纳米复合绝缘材料，为保障核能安全利用和国防建设工程奠定理论基础。

中文关键词： 聚合物；纳米复合电介质；辐射；表面电荷；击穿

英文摘要： Polymer materials are widely used in radiation environments, such as scientific research fields and nuclear power stations, where the high safety and reliability are demanded. The polymer insulating materials are inevitably exposed to various kinds of radiation. The changes in their physical and chemical properties could prematurely terminate the useful life of the dielectric. Outside and inside of the secondary shield in the containment vessel of nuclear power plants, the maximum dose rates of irradiation are 0.01 Gy/h and 1 Gy/h. The dose rate in nuclear power plants varies widely from 10 μGy/h to 10 kGy/h with a potential of total exposure 1000 kGy or greater (e.g. for a nuclear plant accident after forty years of normal operation, the total exposure is the result of 40 years of normal exposure plus the additional exposure of the undefined accident). The high reliability is based on construction safety and system safety during the use of electrical equipment. Accordingly, it is important to investigate the influence of radiation on polymeric insulating materials used in the radioactive environments. Presently, the researches on irradiation aging are mostly concentrated on electrical and mechanical performance, but the effect of radiation, especially the radiation aging theory is rarely studied. We measured t

英文关键词： polymer；nanocomposite dielectric；irradiation；surface charge；breakdown