寒区湖泊冰封期藻类和污染物冰-水介质迁移机理及对水华影响研究

项目名称： 寒区湖泊冰封期藻类和污染物冰-水介质迁移机理及对水华影响研究

项目编号： No.51469026

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 其他

项目作者： 李兴

作者单位： 内蒙古师范大学

项目金额： 48万元

中文摘要： 寒区湖泊具有冰封期长，冰层厚，流量小，污染重等典型特点，表现出了不同的地球化学行为和生态效应。藻类和污染物随着湖水冻融过程在冰-水介质中将不断重新分配，分配结果对湖泊生态环境变化机理产生重大影响。项目以内蒙古乌梁素海为研究区域，从以下3方面开展研究。首先，研究冰封期藻类和污染物（不同形态氮、磷和化学需氧量等）的时空异质性，揭示藻类和污染物与环境指标（气象因子、水深、冰温、冰厚、冰压力、酸碱度、溶解氧、氧化还原电位、电导率等）之间的响应关系；其次，计算不同冰-水层藻类和污染物迁移通量，综合水动力学、热力学、冻融效应和能态理论等方法诠释藻类和污染物在冰层、冰-水界面和水层的迁移转化机理；最后，探求冰封期藻类群落结构特征、优势种及其形成条件，并在此基础上结合非冰封期藻类群落特征和优势种特点，量化冰封期藻类优势种对翌年水华的贡献率，为寒区湖泊治理和修复提供参考方案和科学依据。

中文关键词： 冰封期；藻类；污染物；迁移机理；水华

英文摘要： Lakes have some typical characteristics in the cold regions, such as, a longer frozen period, thicker ice layer, small flow, and serious pollution. These also showed different geochemical behavior and ecological effects. With the freezing and thawing of lake water, algae and pollutants will be constantly re-distribution in the ice - water medium. The results have a significant impact on the mechanism of lake ecological environment changes. The study area is located in Wuliangsuhai Lake in inner mongolia. Research contents are as follows. Firstly, temporal and spatial variability on algae and pollutants been studied, including different forms of nitrogen, phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand. Response relationship among algae, pollutants and environmental indicators (meteorological factors, water depth, ice temperature, ice thickness, ice pressure, pH, dissolved oxygen, redox potential, conductivity) were revealed. Secondly, the algae and contaminant transfer flux in different ice - water layers were calculated, and using water dynamics, thermodynamics, freeze-thaw effect and energy state theory interpret the mechanism of migration and transformation of algae and contaminants in ice layer, ice - water interface and the water layer. Finally, the characteristics of algal community structure, dominant species and their formation conditions in the frozen period were studied. Based on this, combined with community characteristics of algae and dominant species features in non-frozen period, the contribution rate of dominant species of algae in frozen period to outbreak of algae bloom next year was quantified. The purpose of the study is to provide references and scientific basis for management and restoration of lakes in cold regions.

英文关键词： Icebound season;algae;contaminants;transport mechanism;algae bloom