聚合物胶体导向下多孔碳纳米球的可控合成、结构优化及其电化学性能研究

项目名称： 聚合物胶体导向下多孔碳纳米球的可控合成、结构优化及其电化学性能研究

项目编号： No.21473122

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 刘明贤

作者单位： 同济大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 纳米尺度的多孔碳球在吸附与催化、能源存储和药物缓释等领域具有重要应用前景。本项目提出聚合物胶体种子导向下，通过软/硬模板作用合成直径均一可控和孔结构可调的多孔碳纳米球的方法；应用结构重整和表面修饰方法优化多孔碳纳米球的微结构和表面性能，提高其石墨化度，改善电解质在其孔道中的离子传输动力学，揭示多孔碳纳米球结构重整及表面修饰作用机制，设计并合成出集规则几何形貌、微孔-介孔结构、高石墨化度和表面功能化四大特性于一体的多孔碳纳米球；开展多孔碳纳米球合成-结构-特性关系的规律性研究，掌握多孔碳纳米球电化学性能与制备参数、微结构、石墨化度和表面性能关系的规律性，建立具有高倍率充放电特性、高比电容和长循环寿命的多孔碳纳米球的关键制备技术；发展多孔碳纳米球基先进功能材料的可控合成与结构优化方法学，解决多孔碳纳米球在超级电容器电极材料应用中的关键科技问题，促进面向新能源汽车的关键新材料的研发进程。

中文关键词： 聚合物胶体；多孔碳纳米球；可控合成；结构优化；电化学性能

英文摘要： Nanoscaled porous carbon spheres have important applications in the fields of adsorption and catalysis, energy storage, and controlled drug release,etc. This project aims: to propose the synthesis methodology for porous carbon nanospheres (PCNs) with uniform and controllable diameter and tunable pore structure based on polymer colloid seed oriented approach through soft/hard templating; to optimize the microstructure and surface properties of PCNs by structure reforming and surface modification technology to enhance the graphitization degree and to improve ion transportation dynamics of electrolyte in the PCNs; to reveal the mechanism of structure reforming and surface modification of PCNs and to design and synthesize PCNs with four characteristics of regular geometrical morphology, micro- and mesostructure, high graphitization degree and surface functionalization; to explore the synthesis-structure-property relationship of PCNs to obtain the regularity between the electrochemical performances of PCNs and preparation parameters, microstructure, graphitization degree and surface properties; to establish key synthesis technology of PCNs with high rate charge-discharge characteristics, high specific capacitance and long cycle life; to open up a new methodology for the controlled synthesis and structural optimization of PCN-based advanced functional materials; to solve the key scientific and technological issues of PCNs as supercapacitor electrode materials, and to promote the research and development of key and new materials for new energy vehicles.

英文关键词： polymer colloid;porous carbon nanosphere;controlled synthesis;structural optimization;electrochemical performance