微生物膜诱导刺参幼体附着变态的活性物质研究

项目名称： 微生物膜诱导刺参幼体附着变态的活性物质研究

项目编号： No.31201976

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 畜牧学与草地科学、兽医学、水产学

项目作者： 包卫洋

作者单位： 扬州大学

项目金额： 23万元

中文摘要： 微生物膜中的细菌与底栖硅藻产生的活性物质诱导多种海洋无脊椎动物幼体的附着变态，但被完全鉴定的仍然较少。刺参苗种生产中常采用微生物膜形成幼体的附着基，而由于微生物膜诱导机理不明，幼体附着变态率低且不稳定、附着变态前后幼体与稚参大量死亡。因此，阐明膜中细菌与底栖硅藻的活性以及其产生的活性物质是解决问题的关键。本项目拟针对前期工作已筛选的诱导活性细菌和底栖硅藻株，优化其培养条件进行规模化发酵和扩大培养，以幼体附着变态活性为导向分别从其代谢产物中粗提取诱导活性组分，通过色谱手段和现代光谱技术分离、纯化并鉴定活性物质。进而比对两种来源的活性物质结构并结合结构类似物的诱导活性进行构效关系解析。最后，原位检测微生物膜及其浸提海水中已鉴定的以及构效关系推导的活性物质的存在与浓度，提出微生物膜诱导活性的优化依据。研究成果将从海洋化学生态学角度加深我们对棘皮动物幼体发育的理解，并有利于刺参养殖业的可持续发展。

中文关键词： 刺参；无公害化育苗；底栖硅藻；信号通路；低聚肽

英文摘要： Chemical cues derived from bacteria and benthic diatoms of biofilms induce larval settlement and metamorphosis of many marine invertebrates, whereas few have been fully characterized. Biofilms are commonly formed as the larval substrata in the breeding of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, but their inductive mechanism remains unclear. This leads to the low and unstable percentages of larval settlement and metamorphosis, and high mortality of larvae and juveniles prior to and after this process. Therefore, it is crucial to elucidating the inductive activities of bacteria and benthic diatoms of biofilms and their derivative chemical cues. In this research project, culture conditions of the inductive bacterium and benthic diatom, which were isolated and screened for activity by our preliminary study, will be optimized for the large-scale fermentation and culture. The active ingredients will be crudely extracted from the bacterial and diatom metabolites, respectively, by monitoring the inductive activity of larval settlement and metamorphosis. Chemical cues will be subsequently isolated and purified through chromatographic procedures and further characterized by spectrographic techniques. Furthermore, the structure-activity relationship of the chemical cues from the two different organisms will be analyzed by

英文关键词： sea cucumber；non-pollution breeding；benthic diatom；signal pathway；oligo-peptide