叶面施钙缓解花生低夜温及其恢复过程中光合障碍的机制

项目名称： 叶面施钙缓解花生低夜温及其恢复过程中光合障碍的机制

项目编号： No.31301842

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 刘轶飞

作者单位： 沈阳农业大学

项目金额： 24万元

中文摘要： 光合作用是植物生长发育的基础，对温度和植物养分变化高度敏感。我们前期研究发现，低夜温显著降低花生光合性能，而叶面施钙可明显缓解低夜温造成的光合障碍。在已有研究基础上，以不同冷敏感型花生品种为试材，利用人工气候室模拟低夜温胁迫及其常温恢复过程，通过叶面施钙及钙抑制剂预处理花生苗，首先采用生物电子显微镜及数字图像分析技术，明确气孔、叶绿体超微结构和叶片钙素分布对低夜温响应的钙素调控规律；其次，采用qPCR技术，研究花生Rubisco、CaM基因表达情况，明确基因表达对低夜温胁迫的响应规律及钙的调控作用；最后，采用叶绿素荧光技术及生理生化方法，结合短时低夜温胁迫和特异性验证试验，研究钙对低夜温胁迫下花生光系统功能、光合反馈抑制物质（碳水化合物）代谢及运转的影响。最终结合以上结论，揭示钙缓解花生低夜温光合障碍的机制，这将为农业生产中利用施肥（如钙肥）来改善花生耐寒性和拓展其栽培区域奠定理论基础。

中文关键词： 花生；叶绿素荧光；光合作用；低夜温胁迫；钙

英文摘要： Photosynthesis, susceptible to temperature and plant nutrition, is the basis for plant growth and development. It has been found that photosynthetic performance of peanut was reduced dramatically by low night temperature stress and calcium foliar spray could alleviate the adverse effect of low night temperature stress. On the basis of existing research, we have artificial climate chamber to imitate low night temperature stress and its recovery process using the various chilling-sensitive peanuts screened as test material. And peanuts seedlings will be regulated by calcium and its inhibitors under low night temperature condition. Firstly, calcium regulation on response to low night temperature from stoma, chloroplast ultrastructure and calcium distribution of leaves will be cleared through biological electron microscopy and digital image analysis technique. Secondly, the gene expression of Rubisco and CaM in peanuts will be studied by real time fluorescent quantitative PCR to clear the calcium regulation on response of their genes expression to low night temperature stess. Thirdly, the chlorophyll fluorescence technique and biochemical methods combined with the short-term low night temperature experiment will be carried out to study the effects of calcium on the photosystem performance, photosynthate feedback inh

英文关键词： Peanut；Chlorophyll Fluorescence；Photosynthesis；Low Night Temperature Stress；Calcium