高速铁路钢轨轨底伤损超声导波检测技术基础研究

项目名称： 高速铁路钢轨轨底伤损超声导波检测技术基础研究

项目编号： No.51265044

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 机械、仪表工业

项目作者： 卢超

作者单位： 南昌航空大学

项目金额： 50万元

中文摘要： 本项目提出开展高速铁路钢轨轨底伤损超声导波检测的理论方法和实验研究。首先，考虑轨枕上弹扣和垫板对轨底的紧固约束，建立轨道钢轨轨底结构的声波导物理模型。以理论分析、数值计算、动态光弹实验、测试信号处理等多种手段相结合，重点分析导波在钢轨轨底中的激发、传播、衰减、散射特性，研究各导波模式传播及与轨底紧固件的相互关系；研究导波与轨底典型伤损和铝热焊接头的相互作用及导波反射规律。其次，研究检测模式波的激发控制方法，研究如何获取导波信息以及提高导波信噪比的信号处理方法，分析实际噪声的影响和控制方法。再其次，开展实验检测工作，研究检测模式导波与轨底伤损和紧固件的相互作用过程，研究导波信号与结构、典型伤损和声学参数的关系。在此基础上，研制出轨底导波检测实验样机并开展现场实验，建立高速铁路钢轨轨底伤损的超声导波检测技术的理论和方法基础，为形成和开拓具有我国自主创新知识产权的高铁轨道结构的检测技术奠定基础。

中文关键词： 高速铁路；钢轨轨底伤损；超声导波；横向振动模态；无损检测

英文摘要： The subject is proposed to carry out the theory and experimental research on ultrasonic guided wave testing technique for rail foot damages of high-speed railway. At first, considering the binding constraint and contact effects from the spring fastener and pad on the sleepers, we try to build the acoustic waveguide physical mode for rail foot structure of rail tracks. Combined with the various research means such as theoretical analysis, numerical calculation, the dynamic photoelastic and testing signal processing, the excitation and propagation mechanism and scattering and attenuation characteristic of guided waves in the rail foot of track will be selective analyzed. Meanwhile, interrelation between the propagation guided waves mode with the fastener, interaction and reflective law between guided waves with typical damages in rail foot, interaction and reflective law between guided waves with aluminothermic welding joint will be selective studied also. Secondly, the detection mode guided wave excitation technique, guided waves information extraction method and signal processing technique for improving signal to noise ratio will be all investigated. At the same time, analysis of the actual noise disturbing effect and corresponding control methods will be presented. Thirdly, the research subjects will carry out

英文关键词： high-speed railway；damage in rail foot；ultrasonic guided waves；horizontally vibrating modes；NDT