壳聚糖α-氨基膦酸胆碱酯/三唑醇耦合物的协同抑菌效应研究

项目名称： 壳聚糖α-氨基膦酸胆碱酯/三唑醇耦合物的协同抑菌效应研究

项目编号： No.41306071

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 秦玉坤

作者单位： 中国科学院海洋研究所

项目金额： 26万元

中文摘要： 甲壳素可由虾、蟹壳等水产品废弃物提取，其脱乙酰产物壳聚糖是一种无毒、生物相容性好、易降解、含量最丰富的天然氨基多糖。壳聚糖对多种植物病原真菌具有抑制作用，将其开发为生物农药具有广阔的应用前景。然而壳聚糖作为单一活性组分直接使用存在药效较低、用量大、成本高等问题，限制了其应用。本课题在前期工作基础上，拟对壳聚糖α-氨基膦酸酯进行先导优化：向其结构中先后引入氯化胆碱和三唑醇杀菌剂，构建具有靶向抑菌活性的壳聚糖α-氨基膦酸胆碱酯/三唑醇耦合体系。通过深入研究壳聚糖耦合物的抑菌活性，阐明其协同抑菌效应；通过探讨壳聚糖耦合物与病原真菌细胞壁/细胞膜的相互作用，初步揭示壳聚糖耦合物的抑菌作用机理。本课题的实施，有望为开发高效、广谱、低毒的绿色农药奠定基础，这对于实现水产品废弃物的高值化利用、减少化学农药的使用以及拓宽新农药创制的思路均具有重要意义。

中文关键词： 壳聚糖；农药分子；抑菌活性；杀虫活性；协同效应

英文摘要： Chitin can be obtained from wastes of aquatic product such as shells of crab and shrimp. Chitosan, the deacetylated derivative of chitin, is the most abundant natural amino polysaccharide with the characteristics of nontoxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. It has broad application prospects as a biopesticide due to its inhibitory effects on various phytopathogenic fungi. However, the application of chitosan as a sole active ingredient was limited owing to its poor antifungal activity, large dosage, and high cost. This proposal is motivated by our previous work to make lead optimization of chitosan α-amino phosphonates: firstly incorporating choline chloride and then coupling triadimenol fungicide into chitosan α-amino phosphonates to construct chitosanα-amino-cholinium-phosphonates/triadimenol conjugates with targeting antifungal properties. Antifungal activity of the chitosan conjugates will be fully investigated to expound the synergistic antifungal effect. The interactions between the chitosan conjugates and fungi cell wall/membrane will also be discussed to preliminary reveal the antifungal mode of action. It is hoped that this project can provide green pesticides candidates with high efficiency, broad-spectrum, and less toxicity. Hence, the project has important significance in achieving high-va

英文关键词： chitosan；agrochemicals；antifungal activity；insecticidal activity；synergistic effect