秸秆生物炭对黑土区坡耕地生产能力的调控机制及应用模式

项目名称： 秸秆生物炭对黑土区坡耕地生产能力的调控机制及应用模式

项目编号： No.51479033

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 水利工程

项目作者： 魏永霞

作者单位： 东北农业大学

项目金额： 84万元

中文摘要： 地处高寒黑土区的黑龙江省在气候条件、土壤类型、粮食产能贡献及地位、农作物秸秆资源量、耕作制度等方面均具有明显的区域特色，其坡耕地占有较大比重，降雨时空分布不均，雨期集中和人类活动因素的影响，导致严重的季节性干旱和水土流失并存，是制约粮食可持续生产、黑土可持续利用的瓶颈问题。在全球高度关注碳排放的大背景下，从碳减排、水土资源可持续高效利用等理念出发，以黑龙江省黑土区坡耕地为研究区域，以秸秆生物炭为研究对象，采取室内外试验、径流小区与田间小区试验、试验研究与计算机模拟研究相结合的方法，通过对不同的生物炭用量和施用年限对坡耕地土壤理化性质、土壤水动力学参数的影响研究和土壤水分运动与溶质运移模型的构建及其模拟，探索秸秆生物炭对黑土区坡耕地生产能力的调控机制；研究不同生物炭用量和施用年限的玉米、大豆的节水增产和水土保持效应，通过多指标综合评价，提出黑土区坡耕地节水增产和水土保持的生物炭应用模式。

中文关键词： 秸秆生物炭；黑土区坡耕地；生产能力；调控机制；应用模式

英文摘要： Heilongiang province is located at the cold black soil region with obvious regional characteristics in clamite,soil type,grain production,amount of crop straw and farming systems etc.,and with large area of sloping farmland and uneven temporal distribution of rainfall.A serious seasonal drought and soil and water loss often occure due to the intensive rainy period and activities of human being, which limited the black soil sustainable utilization and grain production. under the background that people all of the world pay great attension to Carbon emission,from the views of the Carbon emission reducing and resources sustainable utilization of soil and water,take the sloping farmland in cold black soil region of Heilongjiang province as the study area,and the crop straw biochar as the study object,under the combinations of indoor and outdoor tests,runoff plots and field plots tests,experiment study and computer simulation, based on the analysis of the effects of biochar with different amount and years of supply on soil physicochemical properties and soil water dynamic parameters,soil water movement and solute transport models establishing and the models simulation,explore the regulation mechanism of biochar to productivity of sloping farmland in black soil region；the effects of water saving and yield increasing, and soil and water conservation of the biochar with different amount and years of supply would be also studied,and then the optimum biochar supply models with the effects of water saving, yield increasing, and soil and water conservation for maize and soybean in sloping farmland of cold black soil ragion would be proposed based on the multi-index comprehensive evaluation.

英文关键词： straw biochar;sloping farmland in black soil region;productivity;regulation mechanisim;application model