贵州织金磷矿酸解液中稀土离子的分配行为及其分离提取研究

项目名称： 贵州织金磷矿酸解液中稀土离子的分配行为及其分离提取研究

项目编号： No.21461005

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 陈前林

作者单位： 贵州大学

项目金额： 45万元

中文摘要： 贵州织金新华磷矿伴生有钇、铈等稀土元素，磷矿中稀土的含量平均为0.08%左右，如何在利用磷的同时将磷矿石中所含的稀土元素进行分离提取是目前织金磷矿高效开发利用亟待解决的问题。本项目以织金含新华磷矿石为原料，分别用磷化工领域常采用的硫酸、盐酸、和硝酸对其进行酸解，就酸解液体系及其除杂净化过程中稀土离子的分配行为进行研究，解析稀土离子在不同酸解液体系中的分配规律及其影响因素和机理；同时通过添加表面活性剂及适宜的添加剂来提高稀土离子在酸解液中的分配系数，采用乳状液膜对酸解液中的稀土离子进行分离提取，在不同条件下的酸解液中，就载体和表面活性剂、水乳比等对乳状液膜稳定性、液膜大小等对稀土离子选择性提取分离的影响进行研究，获取强酸性环境和磷酸根及金属离子共存体系中微量稀土离子的富集分离提取技术以及稀土及其它金属离子在乳状液膜中的动力学行为和传质机理，为贵州织金新华磷矿的高效开发利用奠定基础。

中文关键词： 织金磷矿；稀土；分配行为；分离提取

英文摘要： Zhijin Phosphate rock associated with rare earth elements such as yittrium and cerium in Guizhou Province. The average content of rare earth elements is 0.08%. Separation and extraction of rare earth elements contained in the phosphate rock and the same time use phosphorus efficiently is an important problem to be solved. This project used zhijin phosphate rock as raw material, dissolved with sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid respectively. Distribution behavior of rare earth ions and their purification process in acidolysis solution were studied. It showed distribution of rare earth ions, influencing factors and mechanism in different acid acidolysis solutions. At the same time, partition coefficient of the rare earth ions by adding surfactant and suitable additives was improved. When using emulsion liquid membrane separated and extracted rare earth ions in different acidolysis solutions, the affects of carrier, surfactant, the ratios of water to emulsion, the stability and size of emulsion liquid membrane on rare earth ions selective extraction and separation were also researched. We got enrichment and separation of trace rare earth ion extraction technology as well as membrane dynamics behavior and mass transfer mechanism of rare earth ions and other metal ions in emulsion liquid under strong acidic, phosphate and metal ions coexistence system, which lay the foundation for efficient development of Zhijin phosphate rock.

英文关键词： phosphate rock in Zhijin;rare earth;distribution behavior;extraction