铝/钢剪裁板电弧辅助激光熔钎焊工艺与机理研究

项目名称： 铝/钢剪裁板电弧辅助激光熔钎焊工艺与机理研究

项目编号： No.51465031

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 机械、仪表工业

项目作者： 樊丁

作者单位： 兰州理工大学

项目金额： 50万元

中文摘要： 随着铝合金在汽车等工业中的应用日益广泛，铝与钢等异种金属之间的连接成为焊接领域的研究热点，激光熔钎焊是很有发展潜力的方法之一。本项目创新地提出电弧辅助激光熔钎焊方法，即采用小功率电弧辅助激光（但不复合）对铝/钢异种金属剪裁板进行熔钎拼焊，从而解决对接焊缝成形难题。通过采用试验测试、理论和数值分析相结合的方法，主要研究：(1)铝/钢剪裁板电弧辅助CO2激光熔钎拼焊工艺与接头性能，焊接过程液态金属的浸润与铺展过程；(2)铝/钢异种金属熔钎焊热过程及应力、应变场，接头应力梯度，残余应力和变形特点及工艺控制措施；(3)合金粉末、焊丝成分对铝/钢熔钎焊接头界面焊接冶金的影响规律，明确界面金属间化合物种类、晶粒生长机制及其控制。综合以上研究，深入理解并进一步明确铝/钢剪裁板电弧辅助激光熔钎拼焊连接工艺与机理等基本科学问题，为推广应用提供依据。

中文关键词： 铝/钢异种金属；剪裁拼焊板；激光熔钎焊；电弧辅助；界面行为

英文摘要： With the increasing applications of aluminum alloys in automobile manufacturing, the joining between aluminums and steels and other disimilar metals have become a hot area in welding research,Laser welding-brazing is a joining process of much development potential.In order to overcome the difficulties in butt weld of laser welding/brazing,an new process,namely the arc assisted laser welding-brazing process is put forward initiatively.In this process,the laser is assisted by a low power arc,but without hybrid of them, to realize the butt welding/brazing of tailored aluminum and steel blanks.By combination use of experimental measurements,numerical simulation and theoretical analysis,the following scientific problems are going to be investigated:(1) butt welding process and weld joint property for the arc assisted laser welding-brazing of aluminum/steel tailored blanks,wetting and spreading processes of liquid metal in welding,(2)thermal process,stress-strain fields,stress gradient of weld joint,residual stress and deformation characteristics and control methods，(3) the effects of addition of alloy powder and wire compositions on the interface welding metallurgy, understanding the intermetallic compound species at interface, the mechanism and control of grain growth. On these bases, the joining mechanisms and processes of the laser brazing-welding of aluminum/steel tailored sheet with the assistance of the arc are further understood, which offers a foundation for the promotion and application of this new welding technology.

英文关键词： aluminium/steel dissimilar metals;tailor welded blanks;laser welding-brazing;arc assistance;interface mechanism