用于人工增雨的高效环保成核剂研究

项目名称： 用于人工增雨的高效环保成核剂研究

项目编号： No.21303220

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 何敏

作者单位： 中国科学院化学研究所

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 受冰核细菌蛋白的结构与高冰核活性的启发,本研究通过对纳米颗粒表面进行修饰，产生特殊的微观结构，研制高效、环保的新型人工增雨成核剂。这种新型的成核剂由环境友好的SiO2作为内核材料，以超分子自组装结构作为壳层。利用分子设计和自组装技术在纳米SiO2颗粒表面引入具有TXT（T为苏氨酸，X是任意氨基酸分子）氨基酸残基序列的肽链，并通过肽链分子间的氢键、静电以及亲疏水相互作用自组装成beta折叠超分子结构；利用超分子beta折叠结构上亲水官能团与水分子间的氢键作用，控制界面处水分子的规则排列，降低表面成核势垒，加快表面冰核形成。该研究充分结合了材料设计与超分子自组装，开发的成核剂对环境无污染，对农作物无伤害，有望发展稳定高效的冰核活性材料，实现高效环保的人工增雨，同时为研究新型人工增雨成核剂提供了新的思路和理论指导。

中文关键词： 冷凝；液滴；（超）疏水；（超）亲水；人工增雨

英文摘要： Inspired by the special structures and the high ice nucleation activity of the ice nucleating bacteria proteins, new artificial ice nuclei materials are designed and fabricated. The novel ice nuclei consist of environmental friendly SiO2 nanoparticles as the inner core, and self-assembly supramolecules as the outer shell. Short peptides with the special TXT amino acid sequence (here, T refers to the threonine and X refers to any amino acid) are designed and synthesized. When short peptides are grafted onto the surface of SiO2 nanoparticles, they self-assemble into supramolecular beta-sheet structures by use of the intermocular interactions such as the hydrogen bond, the electrostatic interaction and the hydrophilic-hydrophobic interaction. With the interactions of hydrophilic groups on the supramolecular beta-sheet structures and water molecules, ice-like water is achieved at the interface of supramolecules and the liquid/vapor, which lowers the energy barrier and induces the quick formation of ice nuclei. The synergistic combination of the designing materials and supramolecules self-assemble contributes directly to the environmental and agricultural friendly ice nuclei, which is of great importance in developing high efficient materials used as ice nuclei for the artificial precipitation as well as in providing

英文关键词： condensate；droplet；(super)hydrophobic；(super)hydrophilic；artificial precipitation