中国人为源大气汞的东亚传输模拟及其应用研究

项目名称： 中国人为源大气汞的东亚传输模拟及其应用研究

项目编号： No.41471403

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 地质学

项目作者： 张巍

作者单位： 中国人民大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 中国是全球人为源汞排放量最大的国家，在《水俣公约》的背景下，中国需要制定汞排放控制政策。汞有很强的空间传输能力，环境影响具有广域性特征。我国人为源大气汞排放的影响范围和程度如何？我国与东亚周边国家之间呈现什么样的传输特征？国内区域间的源汇关系怎样？不同行业或地区汞减排政策所能达到的环境效果如何？这些是我国汞污染防治和国际履约的科学基础，也是本项目尝试解决的主要问题。本项目以高精度大气传输模型为工具，以人为源大气汞排放清单为数据支持，对中国人为源大气汞的东亚传输进行模拟，重点研究中国与东亚地区间的传输特征和相互影响，以及国内主要区域间的源汇关系。在此基础上结合应对汞公约的减排策略，模拟预测源减排后的传输特征和大气汞污染水平。本研究契合我国在汞污染宏观管理和应对国际履约责任等方面的实际需求，对于理解不同地区和行业大气汞排放的环境影响及其时空分布特征，以及减排政策的环境效果，具有理论和现实意义。

中文关键词： 重金属；迁移模型；源汇关系；长距离输送；时空变化

英文摘要： China has the largest anthropogenic mercury emissions in the world. In the context of the Minamata Convention, China is obliged to formulate and implement policies on mercury emissions control. Mercury is featured with strong spatial migration capacity, and its environmental impact can be found in wide areas outside the source region. What is the impact area and extent of the anthropogenic mercury emissions in China? What is the pattern of the atmospheric mercury transport between China and the neighboring countries in East Asia? What is the source-sink relationship in the domestic regions? What environmental effect can be achieved by the mercury reduction policies in different industry sectors? These questions need to be answered in order to build the scientific basis of mercury pollution prevention and international compliance. In this project, studies will be conducted to answer these questions, using high precision atmospheric transport model as a tool and anthropogenic mercury emission inventory as input data. Model simulations on transport of anthropogenic atmospheric mercury from China to East Asia will be conducted. This project will focus on the atmospheric mercury transport pattern between China and East Asia, as well as the source-sink relations in the domestic regions within China. Further, the model simulation will be combined with the potential mercury emission reduction strategies, and the impact area and pollution level under various source reduction strategies will be predicted. This project has the theoretical and practical significance in understanding the environmental impact of atmospheric mercury emissions from different regions and industry sectors, as well as the environmental effects of the potential emission reduction policies. Therefore, it fits the needs in China's mercury pollution control and responsibility to deal with the Minamata Convention.

英文关键词： Heavy metals;Migration models;Source-sink relationship;Long-distance transmission;Spatial and temporal variation