应急疏散标识的作用范围及优化设置研究

项目名称： 应急疏散标识的作用范围及优化设置研究

项目编号： No.71203006

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 宏观管理与政策

项目作者： 刘梦婷

作者单位： 北京化工大学

项目金额： 21万元

中文摘要： 应急疏散标识（EES）虽然被广泛设置，但目前普遍错误地将其可见范围等同于作用范围。现有研究没有考虑到疏散者心理行为对EES信息感知的影响，缺少对EES整体疏散效果的研究。项目首先基于疏散者行为的过程惯性研究，建立EES作用范围的表达模型；其次研究EES的信息传导机制，以及动态EES的复杂效应，构建疏散场模型；最后基于EES对疏散人群的行为干预模式，建立大规模人群紧急疏散的分布预测模型。进而建立EES优化设置的耦合模式系统，以探索优化设置的步骤和方法。项目的创新之处不仅在于更新"作用范围替代可见范围"的科学认识；而且在于将疏导员视为赋有"思想流体"的动态EES，深入研究疏导员（含志愿者）在紧急疏散过程中的有效性。申请人已经发表了4篇SCI、3篇CSCD和出版了1部学术著作，并有良好的实验室条件，尤其在973团队的良好氛围下，相信能推动我国EES优化设置的科学化进程。

中文关键词： 信息场；作用距离；高斯动态贝叶斯网络；出口选择；人群分布

英文摘要： Emergency evacuation signs (EES) are widely present in the public building. However, their settings commonly based on the visibility distance of EES in mistake for the effective distance. In case of emergency, the information cognition of EES are influenced by the psychology and behavior of evacuees. This project focuses on the effective area and optimal settings of EES. Firstly, a computational model is proposed for calculating the effective distance of EES, considering the process inertia. Secondly, the mechanism of information transmission of EES is explored, as well as the movement mode and effectiveness loss of dynamic EES. And a evacuation field model is presented to describe the evacuation dynamics with EES. Finally, based on the behavioral intervene mode of EES to evacuation crowd, a forecasting model for evacuation pedestrian distribution is presented, and then a coupling model system for exploring the method and procedure of the optimal setting of EES. Innovation is not only reflected in updating the scientific understanding that "EES effective distance differs from visibility distance", but also in regarding the evacuation assistants as dynamic EES with "thoughts". The applicant has 4 papers published in SCI journal, 3 papers in CSCD journal and a academic book. This work aims to promote the scientifi

英文关键词： dynamic communication field；effective distance；dynamic Gaussian Bayesian networks；exit choice；pedestrian distribution