岩石卸荷力学行为与边坡开挖卸荷效应基础研究

项目名称： 岩石卸荷力学行为与边坡开挖卸荷效应基础研究

项目编号： No.51504016

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 矿业工程

项目作者： 周喻

作者单位： 北京科技大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 岩石在卸荷条件下表现出的力学行为与加载条件下的完全不同，而岩质边坡开挖便是一种典型的工程卸荷问题。结合典型露天矿山岩质边坡开挖工程，采用现场调研、室内试验、数值模拟和理论分析相结合的方法，对卸荷条件下岩石力学行为与岩质边坡开挖卸荷效应进行研究。首先，调查岩质边坡空间形态及岩体宏-细观结构特征，基于颗粒流理论构建具有实际矿物颗粒结构特征及分布规律的岩石细观分析模型，建立对岩石细观分析模型加卸载及声发射、能量等特征参量探测的动态监控方法；然后，结合卸荷力学试验及细观仿真结果，探寻卸荷条件下岩石损伤演化细观机理及尺寸效应，构建能表征卸荷条件下工程岩体力学特性的连续性自定义本构模型；最后，基于岩石卸荷力学行为研究结果，探究开挖卸荷条件下流-固耦合作用边坡开挖卸荷效应及其破坏机理，建立岩质边坡卸荷区域、卸荷程度的划分方法。研究成果最终可为露天矿山等岩质边坡稳定性研究及滑坡防治提供理论依据。

中文关键词： 边坡岩体；岩质边坡；损伤；宏细观耦合；稳定性

英文摘要： Under the condition of unloading, rock exhibits totally different mechanical behavior from that under the condition of loading. The excavation of rock slope is a typical unloading engineering issue. Based on a typical excavation engineering of open-pit mine rock slope, the methods such as site investigation, laboratory test, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, are used to conduct the research on the rock mechanical behavior and excavation unloading effect of rock slope under the condition of unloading. Firstly, the method of site investigation is used to obtain the spatial form of slope and macro-meso structure feature of rock mass. The meso analysis model of rock, which can reflect the structure feature and distribution law of actual mineral grain, is constructed by particle flow theory, and simultaneously, the loading-unloading method of meso analysis model and dynamic monitoring method of characteristic parameter for acoustic emission and energy are established. Then, based on the unloading mechanical test and meso simulation reuslts, the damage evolution law, meso mechanism and size effect of rock under the condition of unloading is investigated. On the basis of that, the continuum user-defined constitutive model, which can represent the mechanical characteristics of engineering rock mass under the condition of unloading, is constructed. Finally, based on the research results of rock unloading mechanical behavior, the excavation unloading effect and failure mechanism of rock slope with fluid-solid coupling under the condition of unloading is investigated, and the classification method of unloading area and degree for rock slope is established. To sum up, the research results can be function as a theoretical reference for the stability research of rock slope such as open-pit mine slope.

英文关键词： rock;rock slope;damage;macro-meso coupling;stability