基于静止卫星组网观测估算全球主要沙漠沙尘释放量

项目名称： 基于静止卫星组网观测估算全球主要沙漠沙尘释放量

项目编号： No.41475031

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 张鹏

作者单位： 国家卫星气象中心

项目金额： 110万元

中文摘要： 利用中国、欧洲、美国的三颗静止卫星形成覆盖全球的遥感卫星观测网，以IASI、AIRS等星载高光谱仪器作为参考辐射基准，基于全球空基交叉定标GSICS方法对不同卫星观测资料进行辐射资料偏差订正，生成不少于一年的、覆盖全球主要沙漠的、定标精度一致的多源静止卫星辐射观测数据。利用红外沙尘指数IDDI统计方法和改进的红外分裂窗定量遥感沙尘方法，反演获得逐小时的沙尘气溶胶光学厚度(SAOD)数据。基于SAOD数据，发展全球主要沙漠的沙尘释放量估算方法。利用沙源地沙尘释放的卫星观测数据优化耦合了气溶胶模块的NICAMS-SPRINTARS模式中的起沙参数化方案。据此研究全球大气中沙尘含量的时空分布特征，并估算全球主要沙漠的沙尘释放量。本项工作有望提升全球沙尘暴的动态监测能力，增强对全球沙尘气溶胶分布、全球沙尘通量及输送等科学问题的理解，进而推动沙尘气溶胶的辐射强迫估算，深化沙尘气溶胶对气候的影响研究。

中文关键词： 沙尘气溶胶；辐射定标；卫星遥感；气溶胶模式

英文摘要： Three geostationary satellites, such come from China, Europe and U.S, could cover the whole global. Using the space borne hyper spectral instruments as the benchmark reference radiation, such as IASI and AIRS, the radiometric bias between different satellites has been corrected using the Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System. A set of multi-satellite observations data with well calibration has been generated, which could cover the main desert of the world. The sand dust aerosol optical depth (SAOD) per hour could be retrieved by the statistical approach of Infrared difference dust index and improved infrared split window retrieval method. Based on SAOD, a method of estimating the sand dust emission loading has been developed. Using this dust emission loading from satellite observation, the parameters in a model named NICAMS-SPRINTARS could be optimized. Base on the improved model simulation results and satellite observation, the global dust distribution could be displayed. Such work could promote the ability of the dust monitoring; improve our scientific understanding to global dust aerosols distribution, emission and transportation. Furthermore, this data is very useful in the radioactive forcing calculation and climate change research.

英文关键词： dust aerosol;radiometric calibration;satellite remote sensing;aerosol model