Blazars和微类星体的多波段观测与研究

项目名称： Blazars和微类星体的多波段观测与研究

项目编号： No.10878011

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 轻工业、手工业

项目作者： 张有宏

作者单位： 清华大学

项目金额： 28万元

中文摘要： Blazars 是相对论喷流几乎朝向我们的一类特殊活动星系核，其全波段电磁辐射在不同时标上都表现出剧烈的变化。因此，blazars 是研究极端环境下所发生的物理过程的理想实验室。本项目利用XMM-Newton X射线天文卫星和80公分TNT光学望远镜研究blazars的光学和X射线光变规律，得到了一些有意义的新结果：发现LBL S5 0716+714的同步辐射和逆康普顿辐射在X射线波段的转化规律与理论模型的预言相符；高置信度地发现HBL Mrk 421的软X射线光变延迟于硬X射线光变大约1000秒。这些新的研究结果对理解blazars的辐射模型具有积极的作用。我们积累了大量的光学观测数据，对这些数据的分析与研究必将得到许多有意义的新结果。黑洞X射线双星和活动星系核的相似性是黑洞吸积和喷流物理的重要研究方向。利用RXTE/ASM长达14年的X射线观测数据，通过研究赛弗特型活动星系核的到目前为止时标最长的方差与黑洞质量和热光度的关系得到了赛弗特星系对应于黑洞X射线双星的高软态；blazars和微类星体（对应于产生相对论喷流的黑洞X射线双星的低硬态）的相似性研究正在进行中。

中文关键词： Blazars；微类星体；测光；X射线；光变

英文摘要： Blazars, with relativistic jets closely aligned with the line of our sight, are an extreme subclass of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). Blazars are strongly variable across the whole electromagnetic wavelengths on various timescales, so they are ideal laboratory to study physical processes under extreme conditions. Our project took the XMM-Newton X-ray satellite and the 80cm TNT optical telescope to investigate the optical and X-ray variability properties of blazars. We found some new phenomenologies of variations of blazars. The transition between the synchrotron and IC emission of LBL S5 0716+714 in the X-rays is in agreement with the theoretical predictions. In HBL Mrk 421, the soft X-ray variations were delayed by about 1000s with respective to the hard X-ray variations on very high confidence level. Our new results are important to constrain the radiation models of blazars. A large number of optical data are accumulated, from which new results will be obtained. The similarities between black hole X-ray binaries and AGN are important field for studying black hole accretion and jet physics. By using the 14 year-long X-ray data of RXTE/ASM, we studied the reletionships between the excess variances (on the longest timescale so far) and black hole masss and bolometric luminosity, and found that Seyfert galaxies are similar to the high/soft state of black hole X-ray bianries. The studies for the similarity between blazars and micro-quasars (i.e., the low/hard state of black hole X-ray binaries with relativistic jets) is on the way.

英文关键词： Blazars; micro-quasars; photometry; X-rays; variability