疏水型纤维增强气凝胶复合材料及吸附特性

项目名称： 疏水型纤维增强气凝胶复合材料及吸附特性

项目编号： No.50802064

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 化学工业

项目作者： 张志华

作者单位： 同济大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 疏水SiO2 气凝胶材料是一种耐湿、高强度的新型吸附材料。本项目以E-40硅源作为原材料，获得了比表面积600-1000m2/g之间可调，平均孔径＜50nm的亲水或疏水型SiO2气凝胶.并以无纺布，高硅氧纤维等结构材料为骨架支撑材料，采用表面修饰和纤维增强方式来增强气凝胶的特异吸附性能和纳米网络结构，在常压条件下形成疏水角＞130 的纤维复合SiO2气凝胶材料的新工艺和纳米网络结构可控的新技术。通过进行各种有毒害气体的吸附测试，建立了高效吸附理论模型，为预测和设计吸附特定毒害气体的吸附材料提供理论依据。研究了纤维SiO2气凝胶复合材料的增强机理。SiO2气凝胶对苯的饱和吸附容量（≥00mg/g）远远大于活性碳纤维和是颗粒活性碳。SiO2气凝胶复合材料的饱和吸苯容量远远高于活性碳无纺布、活性碳无纺毡和活性碳纤维毡，为高吸附性能SiO2 气凝胶及纤维复合材料的结构设计、研究开发提供理论和实验基础。SiO2气凝胶纤维复合材料在透气性、断裂强力、断裂伸长率方面等都很有优势，透气量较大，适合制作各种环保产品。

中文关键词： 气凝胶；表面修饰；吸附模型；疏水性；纤维增强

英文摘要： Hydrophobic silica aerogel is a new adsorption material with moisture-proof and high strength.Hydrophilic or Hydrophobic silica aerogel were prepared with adjustable surface area (600~1200 cm2/g) and the average pore diameter less than 50nm. Polyethoxydisiloxanes (E-40) is used as the silicon source.Hydrophobic silica aerogel doped with fibers reinforcement were prepared via a sol-gel process by surface modification at ambient pressure. Nonwoven and other fibers are distributed inside the silica aerogels as a composite to act as a supporting skeleton which increased the adsorption properties and mechanical properties of the silica aerogels. Surface modification is used to realize ambient pressure drying and increased nano prous structure to avoid structure collapsing by reason of capillary vessel tensity contraction. Appropriate theory adsorption model and adsorption mechanism are determined by the adsorption test. The saturated benzene- adsorption percentage of the silica aerogels are much higher than GAC and ACF. Silica aerogel-fiber composites have more excellent benzene adsorption capacities compared with the traditional absorbent materials. these provide the theory and experiment foundation for the structure design and the research development of the high adsorption performance SiO2 aerogel and composites.

英文关键词： aerogel; surface modification; adsorption model; hydrophobic; fibers reinforcement