高灵敏核酸适体结构开关电化学传感器的研究

项目名称： 高灵敏核酸适体结构开关电化学传感器的研究

项目编号： No.21305121

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 张资平

作者单位： 烟台大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 核酸适体结构开关电化学传感器具有设计简单、一步信号检测、抗干扰能力强、可直接应用于复杂检测体系的优点，在医学诊断领域具有广泛的应用前景而吸引了大量的研究关注。然而，传统核酸适体结构开关电化学传感器普遍存在灵敏度较低的缺陷，限制了其应用潜力的进一步发挥。本项目针对传统核酸适体开关电化学传感器的上述不足，以发展高灵敏核酸适体结构开关电化学传感器为目标，分别从背景电流抑制和信号放大两个途径探索提高传感器灵敏度的新策略。项目提出通过"双链接"核酸探针固定方式制备修饰电极以降低背景电流，采用电催化反应进行信号转换而实现信号放大，并最终形成基于背景电流抑制与信号放大协同作用的高灵敏核酸适体结构开关电化学传感器设计新方法。本项目的实施，有望获得一种构建灵敏度显著增强的核酸适体结构开关电化学传感器的新思路，开发出简便、高灵敏的用于低浓度生理活性小分子和疾病相关蛋白质分子快速准确检测的电化学传感平台。

中文关键词： 核酸适体；灵敏度；信号放大；修饰电极；电化学传感器

英文摘要： Aptamer-based structure-switching electrochemical sensors have attracted tremendous attention and emerged as a promising analytical tool for medical diagnostics due to their simplicity in design, one-step signal detection and good capacity of anti-interference in complex sample matrices. Unfortunately, the existing aptamer-based structure-switching electrochemical sensors suffer from a common drawback of relatively low sensitivity, which limits their further application in the determination of low-abundance targets. To overcome the disadvantage above and develop highly sensitive aptamer-based structure-switching electrochemical sensors, this proposal aims to explore novel, effective methods for reducing the background current and amplifying the output signal. Firstly, a novel protocol named "dual-link bind" for the immobilization of double-stranded nucleic acid probe on the modified electrode will be design to restrict the freedom of motion of the nucleic acid probe and thus suppress the background current. Secondly, electrochemical redox cycle will be introduced into the signal transformation system of the aptamer-based structure-switching electrochemical sensors for electro- catalytically amplifying the sensing signal. Then, a synergetic signaling mechanism for higher sensitivity will be developed through the

英文关键词： Aptamer；Sensitivity；Signal amplification；Modified electrode；Electrochemical sensor