不同施肥模式对大麦-双季稻田甲烷氧化菌多样性及活性影响的研究

项目名称： 不同施肥模式对大麦-双季稻田甲烷氧化菌多样性及活性影响的研究

项目编号： No.31201178

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 食品科学、农学基础与作物学

项目作者： 唐海明

作者单位： 湖南省农业科学院

项目金额： 26万元

中文摘要： 甲烷是大气中一种重要的温室气体，甲烷的增温潜势是二氧化碳的20-30倍，稻田是大气中甲烷的主要排放源，我国是世界上水稻种植大国。稻田内源甲烷的氧化是稻田甲烷减排的重要途径，甲烷氧化菌是土壤中甲烷氧化的主要施动者。前期研究中，课题组已初步探明了长期不同施肥模式下大麦-双季稻晚稻田甲烷排放速率具有显著差异，但其形成机理仍不清楚。本项目以长期施肥模式定位试验为基础，应用静态箱-气相色谱法探明不同施肥模式下大麦-双季稻田甲烷排放的变化规律；应用变性梯度凝胶电泳技术、实时定量PCR技术、反转录与cDNA聚合酶链式扩增相结合技术研究稻田甲烷氧化菌氧化能力、多样性与活性表达，阐明不同施肥下大麦-双季稻田甲烷排放差异的机理；从不同肥料种类与作物秸秆配合施用等角度阐述甲烷氧化菌对农艺措施的响应，揭示影响稻田甲烷氧化菌多样性与活性的关键因子；为构建双季稻田节能减排型现代农作制提供理论依据。

中文关键词： 甲烷；长期施肥；双季稻田；甲烷细菌；甲烷氧化菌

英文摘要： Methane is an important trace gases, which is important effects of energy budget and climate change of the earth. Warming potential of Methane is considered to have 25-30 times more radioactively active than CO2. It is well known that paddy field is the major sources of methane in atmospheric. China is one of the major countries of planting rice in the world. Oxidation of endogenous methane is an important process affecting the real flux of methane from rice paddies, which is generated and mediated by methanotrophs living in topsoil. In preliminary studies, effects of long-term fertilization on the methane emission from late rice field in barley-double rice cropping systems were investigated. The results showed that the long-term fertilization had significant effects on the methane emission from late rice field in barley-double rice cropping systems. But its formation mechanism is still not clear. Therefore, the static chamber-GC technique with manual method will used to determine the effects of long-term fertilization on the methane emission in barley-double rice cropping systems. And the methane oxidizing activities, diversity of methanotrophs and methanotroph of paddy soil will be studied by DGGE, Q-PCR, RT-PCR technology. In order to explored the mechanism of methane emissions under different long-term ferti

英文关键词： Methane；long-term fertilizer；double rice cropping；methane bacteria；methanotrophs