基于渗滤液修饰矿物吸附剂捕集垃圾焚烧过程中重金属研究

项目名称： 基于渗滤液修饰矿物吸附剂捕集垃圾焚烧过程中重金属研究

项目编号： No.51476031

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 能源与动力工程

项目作者： 黄亚继

作者单位： 东南大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 垃圾焚烧过程中排放的重金属通常以气态和颗粒物形态进入大气，对人体健康造成严重危害。炉内添加矿物吸附剂可有效控制重金属排放，被广泛认为具有良好的发展前景，但吸附剂添加量大的缺点严重制约了该技术的应用，如何以更少的吸附剂添加量获得更好的重金属捕集效果成为研究重点。本项目利用硅铝酸盐共晶融化原理和垃圾渗滤液的组分特性，将炉内添加吸附剂与渗滤液回喷工艺相结合，提出一种捕集垃圾焚烧过程中重金属的新方法。拟首先通过晶体构型分析和量子化学理论，研究吸附剂捕集渗滤液中离子态重金属和炉膛内气态重金属机理，缩小吸附剂筛选范围；然后在小型流化床焚烧炉上研究不同吸附剂的捕集性能和规律，并对分级采样颗粒物进行质粒DNA损伤分析，研究吸附剂对重金属的降毒效果和降毒机理；最后基于毒性排放总量评价吸附剂，找到合适的矿物吸附剂及焚烧炉最优运行工况，最终形成一套完整的渗滤液修饰矿物吸附剂回喷炉膛捕集焚烧过程中重金属的新方法。

中文关键词： 垃圾焚烧；重金属；渗滤液；吸附剂；捕集

英文摘要： Heavy metal emission from waste incineration is usually in the form of metal vapor and particulate matter which can cause many problems to people's health. The infurnace mineral sorbents can control the heavy metal emission effectively, so this technology is considered to have a good prospect for development. However, the disadvantage of large addition amount of sorbents constrain the industrial application, so how to reduce the addition amount and increase the capture efficiency of heavy metal are critical problems in recent research. This project try to combine the infurnace sorbent and leachate injection technologies and propose a new metal capture method during the waste incineration in the basis of mineral's eutectic melting and leachate's component characteristic. First, the capture mechanisms of the heavy metal irons in leachate and the heavy metal vapor by sorbents in flue gas will be studied throuth the analysis of crystal structure changes and the quantum chemistry calculation. Accordint to the mechanism study, the alternative sorbents can be narrowed in a shorter list. Then, the capture ability and the capture rule of minerals will be studied in a lab-scale fluidized bed incinerator. The particulate matters are sampled in different size classification for Plasmid DNA Damage test to study the effect and mechanism of metals' toxicity reduction by sorbents. Finally, the sorbents will be evaluated according to the toxicity emission control effect to find the sorbents with excellent performance and their optimal operation conditions. Based on the above research, a integrated new method of heavy metal emission control by mineral sorbent modified by leachate during waste incineration will be established successfully.

英文关键词： waste incineration;heavy metal;leachate;sorbent;control