地表异质性及其对沙尘释放率的影响研究

项目名称： 地表异质性及其对沙尘释放率的影响研究

项目编号： No.41201001

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 地理学

项目作者： 王海兵

作者单位： 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所

项目金额： 30万元

中文摘要： 土壤粒径分布和粘结力大小显著影响地表沙尘释放率，其空间差异显著，并给风蚀沙尘释放模式计算精度带来很大不确定性。本项目拟对其主要指标土壤组分含量和贯入阻力数据测定与近地表气溶胶PM10浓度时空变化观测相结合的方法揭示小尺度地表异质性对沙尘释放率的影响。以干旱区戈壁和干湖地表为研究对象，在地势开阔，平坦的区域布设方形样地，并对地表进行网格化取样和测量，获得各样点地表土壤组分含量和贯入阻力数据。基于概率密度函数分析方法，建立土壤组分含量和贯入阻力相结合的多元复合空间分布函数模型，分析戈壁和干湖地表土壤粒径分布和粘结力特征参数的空间分布规律。同时监测不同强度尘暴事件发生时，近地表气溶胶PM10浓度时空变化。在此基础上，对不同网格尺度的土壤组分含量\贯入阻力平均通量数据和气溶胶PM10浓度平均通量数据进行相关性分析，建立回归模型，定量评价戈壁和干湖地表异质性对沙尘释放率的影响。

中文关键词： 地表；风蚀沙尘释放过程；稀土元素；粉尘内循环；中国西北干旱半干旱区

英文摘要： soil particle size distribution and soil-binding strength, with the remarkable spatial variation, significantly influence on surface dust emission rate, which bring a lot of uncertainty to the calculation precision of the aeolian dust emission models. This project will reveal surface heterogeneity on small scale and its impact to the dust emission rate, through measurement on the characteristic parameters, containing surface soil components quantity, penetration resistance, as well as aerosol PM10 concentration near surface. Regarding Gobi and dry lake surface in arid areas as research object, we will set square sample on the open and flat terrain, and sample on the land surface by grids and take measurement, in order to obtain data set of surface soil components quantity and point penetration resistance. Then, we plan to establish multicomponent composite space distribution function model of soil components quantity and penetration resistance using probability density function analysis method, and analyze the spatial distribution law of soil particle size and soil-binding strength in Gobi and dry lake. Moreover, the temporal and spatial variation of near surface aerosol PM10 concentration also need to be moinitored, when dust storms events with different strength occur. Base on measurement data, the correlation

英文关键词： Land surface；he wind erosion and dust emission processes；Rare earth elements；Dust recycle；rid and semiarid regions of China