Pose Graph Optimization for a MAV Indoor Localization Fusing 5GNR TOA with an IMU

This paper explores the potential of 5G new radio (NR) Time-of-Arrival (TOA) data for indoor drone localization under different scenarios and conditions when fused with inertial measurement unit (IMU) data. Our approach involves performing graph-based optimization to estimate the drone's position and orientation from the multiple sensor measurements. Due to the lack of real-world data, we use Matlab 5G toolbox and QuaDRiGa (quasi-deterministic radio channel generator) channel simulator to generate TOA measurements for the EuRoC MAV indoor dataset that provides IMU readings and ground truths 6DoF poses of a flying drone. Hence, we create twelve sequences combining three predefined indoor scenarios setups of QuaDRiGa with 2 to 5 base station antennas. Therefore, experimental results demonstrate that, for a sufficient number of base stations and a high bandwidth 5G configuration, the pose graph optimization approach achieves accurate drone localization, with an average error of less than 15 cm on the overall trajectory. Furthermore, the adopted graph-based optimization algorithm is fast and can be easily implemented for onboard real-time pose tracking on a micro aerial vehicle (MAV).