Prove You Owned Me: One Step beyond RFID Tag/Mutual Authentication

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a key technology used in many applications. In the past decades, plenty of secure and privacy-preserving RFID tag/mutual authentication protocols as well as formal frameworks for evaluating them have been proposed. However, we notice that a property, namely proof of possession (PoP), has not been rigorously studied till now, despite it has significant value in many RFID applications. For example, in RFID-enabled supply chains, PoP helps prevent dis-honest parties from publishing information about products/tags that they actually have never processed. We propose the first formal framework for RFID tag/mutual authentication with PoP after correcting deficiencies of some existing RFID formal frameworks. We provide a generic construction to transform an RFID tag/mutual authentication protocol to one that supports PoP using a cryptographic hash function, a pseudorandom function (PRF) and a signature scheme. We prove that the constructed protocol is secure and privacy-preserving under our framework if all the building blocks possess desired security properties. Finally, we show an RFID mutual authentication protocol with PoP. Arming tag/mutual authentication protocols with PoP is an important step to strengthen RFID-enabled systems as it bridges the security gap between physical layer and data layer, and reduces the misuses of RFID-related data.