与机器人在一起你感到安全吗?根据主观和客观措施,影响人类机器人互动安全的因素 (Do you feel safe with your robot? Factors Influencing Perceived Safety in Human-Robot Interaction based on Subjective and Objective Measures)

Safety in human-robot interaction can be divided into physical safety and perceived safety, where the latter is still under-addressed in the literature. Investigating perceived safety in human-robot interaction requires a multidisciplinary perspective. Indeed, perceived safety is often considered as being associated with several common factors studied in other disciplines, i.e., comfort, predictability, sense of control, and trust. In this paper, we investigated the relationship between these factors and perceived safety in human-robot interaction using subjective and objective measures. We conducted a two-by-five mixed-subjects design experiment. The five within-subjects conditions correspond to (1) baseline, and the manipulations of robot behaviors to stimulate: (2) discomfort, (3) decreased perceived safety, (4) decreased sense of control and (5) distrust. Twenty-seven young adult participants took part in the experiments. Participants were asked to answer questionnaires that measure the manipulated factors after within-subjects conditions. Besides questionnaire data, we collected objective measures such as videos and physiological data. The questionnaire results show a correlation between comfort, sense of control, trust, and perceived safety. We also discuss the effect of individual human characteristics (such as personality and gender) that they could be predictors of perceived safety. We used the physiological signal data and facial affect from videos for estimating perceived safety where participants' subjective ratings were utilized as labels. The data from objective measures revealed that the prediction rate was higher from physiological signal data. This paper can play an important role in the goal of better understanding perceived safety in human-robot interaction.

翻译：在人类-机器人互动中,安全可以分为人身安全和感知安全,后者在文献中处理不足。调查人类-机器人互动中认为的安全需要多学科视角。事实上,人们通常认为安全与其他学科中研究的一些共同因素有关,即舒适、可预测性、控制感和信任。在本文件中,我们利用主观和客观的措施调查这些因素与人-机器人互动中认为安全之间的关系。我们进行了一个双五混合科目设计实验。五个学科内部条件符合(1)基线,并操纵机器人行为以刺激:(1) 不舒适,(3) 感觉安全,(4) 控制感下降,(5) 不信任。27名年轻成人参与者参加了实验。请与会者回答调查表,在研究对象条件之后衡量被操纵的因素。除了问卷数据外,我们还收集了视频和生理数据等客观措施。问卷结果显示舒适、控制感、信任和感知安全之间的关联性。我们还讨论了个人特性(例如生理意识、感觉安全性、控制感、信任和感知觉安全性)内部相互作用的影响。我们还讨论了人类特性的影响,因为根据生理学和感知的预感数据,利用了人们的预感、感性、感性、感官、感官、感性、感官、感官、感官、感官、感官、感官、感官、感官、感官官官官等数据等数据等数据比例。我们讨论了个人特性的预测了人类特性、感测了人类特性、感官、感官、感官、感官、感官、感测、性、感官、性、性、感官、感测测测测测测了数据。我们。我们测测测测测测测测测测测测测测了人类数据。我们测测测测测测测测测测测测了人类。我们从了人类数据。我们从了人类、测测测测测了人类。我们测测了人类测了人类测了人类。我们从了人类测了人类数据。我们测了人类学数据。我们测了人类测了人类测了人类学数据。我们从了人类、测测测测测测测测测测测测测测了人类特性、性、测了人类特性、性、性、性、性、测测测测测测测测测测测测测测测测测测测了人类特性的影响。