人工合成水稻杂交种和四倍体核质协同进化

项目名称： 人工合成水稻杂交种和四倍体核质协同进化

项目编号： No.31500176

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 宫磊

作者单位： 东北师范大学

项目金额： 22万元

中文摘要： 多倍化/全基因组加倍现象作为贯穿于整个高等植物进化历史中的重要事件, 是推动植物物种形成与进化过程的重要推动力之一。近年来, 关于多倍化过程对基因组各个层面影响的研究大量涌现, 研究结果显示多倍化能够在基因组水平、基因表达水平以及表观遗传水平上引发大量变异。然而, 基因组的加倍必然会导致核质比例的改变, 有关多倍化后尤其是多倍体加倍初期，核基因组和单倍的细胞质基因组如何兼容的问题一直缺乏系统的研究。本研究拟通过采用Sanger测序、第二代测序(NGS, Next Generation Sequencing)，蛋白测序和定量的实验技术，对水稻亚种间新合成的正反交杂交种及异源四倍体内核质共编码蛋白复合物的基因进行分析。通过在基因序列、基因转录表达和蛋白表达水平上的比较研究，阐释在杂交后及多倍化早期核质协同的主要模式和机制，并在此基础上，探讨核质协同与水稻异源多倍体多态性表型之间存在的可能关系。

中文关键词： 物种形成；协同进化；叶绿体DNA；核基因；基因进化

英文摘要： Polyploidization/whole genome doubling, as an important evolutionary event in plant evolution, occurs through the whole evolutionary history of plant species and has been accepted to be one of the major forces participating the plant speciation and further evolution. Recently, there have been many researches about the effects of polyploidization on the plant genome, including various alternations at the genomic, gene expression, and epigenetic levels. However, in recently formed polyploids, with stoichiometry ratio changes of nucleus versus cytoplasm in the cell, there are still few studies about the coordination/compatibility between the nuclear genome and the haploid organellar genome. Current research will utilize the Sanger sequencing, Next generation sequencing (NGS), and protein sequencing and quantification techniques to analyze the cytonuclear coordination in the reciprocal artificial hybrid and newly synthesized reciprocal tetraploids of two ricesubspecies at various levels such as genomic, transcriptional, and protein expression levels. We anticipate our research results can explain the pattern and mechanisms of cytonuclear co-evolution at the early stage of polyploid formation (after genome merger and further genome doubling) as well as explore the possible relationship between the cytonuclear coordination and polymorphic phenotypes in synthetic allopolyploid rice species.

英文关键词： Speciation;Co-evolution;Chloroplast DNA;Nuclear gene;Gene evolution