不同尺度灌溉水利用效率变化规律及节水潜力评估

项目名称： 不同尺度灌溉水利用效率变化规律及节水潜力评估

项目编号： No.50879060

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 金属学与金属工艺

项目作者： 崔远来

作者单位： 武汉大学

项目金额： 34万元

中文摘要： 在两个典型灌区进行不同尺度首尾法及动水法的灌溉用水效率测算，探明了两种方法之间指标在不同尺度的变化规律、差异及原因。 基于典型灌区资料,探明了影响灌溉水利用效率指标主要因素及其规律,以及指标随时间的变化规律。基于全国面上数据，探明了灌溉用水效率及其影响因素的空间变化规律以及不同因素对灌溉用水效率的影响。 进行两年不同尺度水量平衡要素及作物产量观测，分析不同尺度主要灌溉水利用效率指标变化规律。结合灌区水循环的特点，构建适合灌区的分布式水平衡模拟模型，发展了作物生长模型、地表水及地下水分布式模拟模型的耦合技术。 开展大量方案下数值模拟研究，基于观测数据及模拟结果，探明了不同尺度(环节)影响灌溉水利用效率的主要因素及其规律。基于典型灌区水循环特点，分别提出了考虑回归水重复利用的灌溉水利用效率评价指标及节水潜力分析方法，探明了是否考虑回归水重复利用下灌溉用水效率阈值、节水潜力及其差异和原因。综合考虑取水、耗水和回归水３个方面，提出了农业理论节水潜力概念及其相应指标，并基于水量平衡过程提出计算方法。提出了不同尺度灌溉用水效率和节水潜力评价的指标及方法，以及不同尺度的合理节水潜力和相应水管理策略。

中文关键词： 灌溉水利用效率;尺度;节水潜力;评价指标

英文摘要： Two years experiments of irrigation efficiency(IE) were conducted in two typical irrigation district, IE under different scales were calculated by head-tail method(HT) and dynamic water measure method(DWM), the variation laws and their reasons of IE over scales and the comparisons between two different methods were investigated. Based on the long time series data from two irrigation district, the main influencing factors of irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE) indicators and their laws, as well as the change laws of indicators with temporal were investigated. Based on data from the national level, spatial variation laws and their influencing factors of IWUE indicators were investigated. Two years observation of water balance and crop yield under different scales were conducted and the change laws of main IWUE indicators over scales were analyzed. Based on the characteristics of water cycle in irrigation districts, distributed hydrological model suitable for irrigation district were develpoed and test. According to the simulation results of water balance components and crop yields at different scales under different scenarios, as well as the observed data, main factors and their laws which affect IWUE under different scales and different process were investigated.Based on the water cycling characteristics of two irrigation districts, IWUE indicators which considered return flow and new ways for calculated water saving potential were proposed. The threshold value of IE, water saving potential and their differents as well as resons under conditions of with or without considering return flow, were investigated. A innovative concept for water saving potential in agriculture is proposed by takeing into account water intake, water consumption and agriculture return water. The corresponding method for water saving potential is given based on water balance principle. Indicators of IWUE, methods for assessment of water saving potentials at different scales, the reasonable water saving potential and the corresponding water management strategies at different scales were proposed.

英文关键词： irrigation water use efficiency;scale; water saving potential;assement indicator