基于两性获益与代价探讨白眉姬鹟婚外配发生机制

项目名称： 基于两性获益与代价探讨白眉姬鹟婚外配发生机制

项目编号： No.31470458

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 王海涛

作者单位： 东北师范大学

项目金额： 86万元

中文摘要： 研究发现多数社会单配偶制鸟类存在婚外交配行为，这对传统的动物婚配体制和性选择理论提出了新的挑战。婚外配行为发生与进化机制已成为鸟类行为生态学研究的热点问题之一。虽已开展大量理论和实验研究，但雌性还是雄性主导着婚外配行为的发生?婚外配行为的进化驱动力是什么？影响种内和种间婚外父权分配变化的主要因素是什么？等基本问题未得到一致合理解释，鸟类婚外配行为发生与进化机制仍存在较大争议。本项目选择白眉姬鹟为研究对象，通过环志、模型和声音回放等野外实验，明确白眉姬鹟的扩散模式、行为和形态特征等因素对婚外配行为的影响。结合父权鉴定实验及成鸟和幼鸟杂合度等研究结果进行深入分析，揭示白眉姬鹟雌雄性在婚外配行为中的获益方式与代价付出，分析婚外配发生过程中雌雄个体的主动性，探讨白眉姬鹟婚外配行为发生机制。研究结果可为鸟类婚外配行为的发生和进化机制研究提供相关证据，对丰富动物性选择相关理论具有一定的理论价值。

中文关键词： 白眉姬鹟；婚外配；适应；收益；代价

英文摘要： Researchers find that extra-pair mating behavior prevails among socially monogamous bird species. This phenomenon challenges traditional views of sexual selection and mating system, and the occurrence and evolution mechanism of extra-pair mating has become one of the hot-spots in the avian behavior ecology.There have been a lot of theoretical and empirical researches about extra-pair mating of birds,however, no consensus on the basic questions has been received in this area, such as the occurrence of extra-pair mating is primarily controlled by male or female? What is the value for the evolution of extra-pair mating behavior? Which fators leading to intra- and inter-specific variation in the level of extra-pair mating？Therefore, the occurrence and evolution mechanism of extra-pair mating is currently under debate.The Yellow-rumped Flycatcher is selected as target species in the project. By conducting banding, model and song playbacking experiments, we would evoluate the effects of dispersal pattern, behavioural and morphological traits and other factors on the extra-pair mating in the Yellow-rumped Flycatcher.We would integrate the outcome of paternity identification,adult and offspring genetic heterozygosity to reveal the ways that the species gaining benefits and paying costs for extra-pair mating behavior, to analyse the initiative when persuiting extra-pair mating in female and male,and to prove into the occurrence mechanism of extra-pair mating in Yellow-rumped Flycatcher. Results of the project may provide proofs for revealing the occurrence and evolution mechanism of extra-pair mating in birds, and would be helpful in enriching the theroies about sexual selection in animals.

英文关键词： Yellow-rumped Flycatcher;extra-pair mating;adaption;benefit;cost