太阳望远镜像差时变特性的实测研究

项目名称： 太阳望远镜像差时变特性的实测研究

项目编号： No.11303090

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 戴懿纯

作者单位： 中国科学院云南天文台

项目金额： 30万元

中文摘要： 高时空分辨率的磁场和流场观测是现代大口径太阳望远镜的主要科学目标之一，为此对望远镜的像质提出了很高的要求，并在设计、加工、装调过程中对像差进行严格控制。但是由于太阳望远镜观测环境复杂，并直接面对太阳辐射，不可避免的产生时变像差，影响高分辨观测质量，其中最明显的是离焦像差。一米太阳望远镜（NVST）建成并投入观测，为研究像差的时变特性提供了很好的平台。本项目将在NVST上利用波前探测器对望远镜像差进行实时监测，一方面从中提取离焦信息作为反馈量，对NVST实现闭环焦点补偿，提高NVST的观测效率；另一方面结合其他环境参数的测量和望远镜光机模型对像差时变特性和其产生原因进行分析和研究。本项目的研究不仅能够提高NVST的成像质量，同时也为下一代巨型太阳望远镜的研制积累经验。

中文关键词： 太阳望远镜；像差；波前探测；调焦；热分析

英文摘要： High spatial and temporal resolution observation for the magnetic field and dynamic properties is one of the major science cases of modern solar telescope with large aperture. It requires telescope with high image quality, and the telescope aberrations should be limited strictly during the phase of design, mamufacture，installation and alignment. However, due to the complex environment, aberrations will appear inevitablly during the observation, which will degrade the image quality of solar telescope， and the defocus is one of the most obvious aberrations among them. New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST) is completed, which provides a good platform for studying the time-variant characteristics of the aberrations of the solar telescope. We propose to carry out real-time measurements of the aberrations of NVST by wavefront sensor. For one thing, we will use the defocus measured as the feedback signal for the close loop control of focussing so as to improve the observation efficiency of NVST. For the other thing, we will study the time-variant characteristics of the aberrations and analyse their causes with the opto-mechanical model of NVST and the other environment measurements. This study will not only improve the image quality of NVST, but also enrich experience for the development of future giant solar telesocpes.

英文关键词： solar telescope；aberration；wavefront sensing；focussing；thermal analysis