圆锥角膜形成过程中的力学机制认识研究

项目名称： 圆锥角膜形成过程中的力学机制认识研究

项目编号： No.31470914

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 张海霞

作者单位： 首都医科大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 角膜的光学功能与其形态紧密联系。屈光手术致使圆锥角膜发病率大为提升，将亚临床期圆锥角膜从屈光手术候选人中排除成为当务之急。但目前能够有效筛查亚临床期圆锥角膜的方法匮乏。临床研究提示，角膜生物力学特性可能是判别圆锥角膜的一个有效指标，但角膜滞后量和角膜阻力因子等临床生物力学参数尚不能解释圆锥角膜进程中的生物力学机制。本项目拟先对兔眼角膜进行切削，然后用药物浸润同时在体实施不同的外力干预，研究圆锥角膜形成过程中的力学机制。项目在半年的时间内定期对角膜分别进行厚度等形态指标测量、在体和离体力学测试；利用离体角膜力学测试结果，确定离体角膜力学特性；用有限元方法动力学模拟在体角膜力学测试过程，比对在体和离体角膜测试的差异并寻找其对应关系；联合不同阶段角膜临床生物力学参数、离体角膜力学特性与角膜形态指标揭示圆锥角膜形成的生物力学机制。本项目的研究结果可以为圆锥角膜的治疗和早期筛查提供前期理论基础。

中文关键词： 生物力学特性；圆锥角膜；数学建模

英文摘要： Corneal optical function is closely related with corneal shape. The refractive surgery greatly enhanced the incidence of keratoconus. It is very imperative to exclude the subclinical keratoconus from the candidates of refractive surgery. However, the effective method of screening for subclinical keratoconus is scarce. Clinical studies suggested that corneal biomechanical properties may be an effective indicator for keratoconus. But clinical corneal biomechanical parameters, such as corneal hysteresis and corneal resistance factor, cannot explain the mechanics of the process of keratoconus. In this project, we intend to change corneal thickness, and infiltrate the cornea with drugs to change corneal stiffness and then exert the external force on cornea to study the corneal biomechanical properties. During half year, we measured the morphological indicators of cornea, and do in vitro inflation test and in vivo mechanical test regularly. We use data of corneal inflation test to obtain the in vitro corneal biomechanical properties. We dynamically simulate the in vivo mechanical test to obtain the in vivo corneal biomechanical properties. We compare these biomechanical properties to find the difference or relationship between the in vitro and vivo biomechanical properties. We combine the clinic biomechanical parameters, in vitro mechanical properties, and morphological indicators to indicate the mechanics of the process of keratoconus. The results of this project would be the theoretical basis for screening and early treatment of keratoconus.

英文关键词： Biomechnical properties;Keratoconus;Mathematical model